English Translation: PANORAMA PLUS

Topic 1

[pp.16-17] 1-1

When counting items a~u on the next page, which of the following expressions from 1~7 do you think you use? Write your answers in the parentheses using a~u while talking about it with your classmate.

(Expressions for counting | Examples of things to count)

long, cylindrical objects: ball pen | umbrella
machinery, automobiles: computer | car
animals: dog
flat objects: postage stamp | postcard
cups of liquid: cup of water
bound objects: textbook | magazine
small objects: egg

Model Conversation
A: When counting matches, which expression do you think you use?
B: I think you use (~本).

a. match
b. glass of beer
c. beer bottle
d. envelope
e. cup
f. handkerchief
g. dictionary
h. bicycle
i. flower vase
j. key
k. paper
l. cell phone
m. cup of coffee
n. fountain pen
o. cat
p. necktie
q. notebook
r. plastic bottle
s. fish
t. plate
u. television

[pp.17-18] 1-2

When counting, there are times when the pronunciation of numbers and counting expressions change.

e.g.,
Numbers:
Numerical Expressions:

Find the expressions that change in pronunciation from the table below and mark them with a circle.

[p.18] 1-3

Below are sentences that Dubois-san wrote about herself and family, among other things. Write the readings of underlined portions in the parentheses.（e.g., １本（いっぽん））

Every day I drink four cups of coffee. I drink three cups in the morning and another one at night with this cup.
My family loves animals, and they have three cats as well as a dog. The cats and dog are close, but sometimes two of the cats fight each other. Also, I think there are roughly 10 fish in the garden pond.
I’m good at making computers. Up until now, I’ve made two for myself and four for my friends.
My grandfather’s hobby is collecting fountain pens. I heard he bought about 30 of them last year.

[p.19] 1-4

Ask a classmate the questions below about things Dubois-san wrote from Exercise 1-3.

Roughly how many cups of coffee does Dubois-san drink every day?
What kind and roughly how many animals does Dubois-san’s family have?
What is Dubois-san good at doing? Up until now, roughly how much has she done it?
What is Dubois-san’s grandfather’s hobby? Roughly how much did he do that last year?

Model Conversation
A: About how many cups of coffee does Dubois-san drink every day?
B: [I heard] She drinks three cups in the morning and another one at night.

[p.19] 1-5

Ask a classmate questions in a similar way to Exercise 1-4 using words and numerical expressions from Exercise 1-1.

e.g.,)

Do you drink coffee? Roughly how many cups do you drink in a day?
Do you have a dog? How many do you have?
Do you have a television in your home? Roughly how many are there?

[p.19] 1-6

Let’s talk in pairs using numerical expressions. (Student B: use page 32)

Student A – Write the numerical expression in the blank spaces and ask Student B the questions.

How many plastic bottles are in the box?
How many eggs are in the refrigerator?
How many plates are on the table?
How many textbooks do you need to buy this semester?

[p.20] 1-7

Let’s write sentences related to the below 1~5 about yourself, family, and friends. Reference the sentences Dubois-san wrote in Exercise 1-3 and write in detail as much as possible using numerical expressions.

Pets and animals
Beverages
Cell phones, computers, and televisions
Books, magazines, and textbooks
Stationery (lit., something to write)

[p.20] 1-8

Talk about the things you wrote in Exercise 1-7. The student who listens should ask more about it in detail as much as possible.

Model Conversation
A: My family has two cats and one dog.
B: Is that so? Don’t they fight with each other?
A: They never do. They are very close and every night, all three of them sleep together.
B: Wow.

[p.21] 2-1

Circle parts where the pronunciation of the numbers stay the same.

the 1st | one day | one (small) thing | one person: alone
the 2nd/two days | two (small) things | two people
the 3rd/three days | three (small things) | three people
the 4th/four days | four (small things) | four people
the 5th/five days | five (small things) | five people
the 6th/six days | six (small things) | six people
the 7th/seven days | seven (small things) | seven people
the 8th/eight days | eight (small things) | eight people
the 9th/nine days | nine (small things) | nine people
the 10th/ten days | ten (small things) | ten people
what | what/how many days | how many (small) things | how many people

[p.22] 2-2

Yi-san and Yang-san are talking. Look for the parts in which the pronunciation is incorrect and correct them like the following example.

Yi: On January 1st, I’m going with my friends to a shrine, but do you want to go together?
Yang: I’m sorry. I’m going to a temple with my host family on the 1st, so…
Yang: Roughly how long did it take to make this box?
Yi: It took about two days.
Yang: Huh, that was fast. It took me as many as four days, even though I made it together with a friend.
Yi: When is the next Japanese exam?
Yang: It is on April 3rd. I also have a literature exam on that day.
Yi: Wow, two exams in a day. That’s tough, isn’t it?
Yang: That strawberry is big and looks delicious. Was it expensive?
Yi: Yes, it was 1,000 yen for six of them. But, they’re really sweet and delicious.
Yi: When did you come to Japan?
Yang: Last year on June 6th. I like the number six, which is exactly why I chose that day.

[pp.22-23] 2-3

Ask a classmate the below questions about the conversation from Exercise 2-2.

In Conversation 1, what did Yi-san ask Yang-san?
In Conversation 1, what is Yang-san expected to do on the 1st of January?
In Conversation 2, roughly how long did it take Yi-san and Yang-san to make the boxes?
In Conversation 3, why had Yang-san said “That’s tough, isn’t it?” to Yi-san?
In Conversation 4, what kind of flavor was the strawberry that Yi-san bought? How much did it cost?
In Conversation 5, how did Yang-san decide on the day in which she came to Japan?

Model Conversation
A: What did Yi-san ask Yang-san?
B: Yi-san asked whether or not they’d be able to go to a shrine together on the 1st of January.

[p.23] 2-4

Answer the questions below about this semester’s classes. After that, ask a classmate the same questions.

How many classes are you taking?
How many days a week do you have class?
Regarding your largest class:
1. Roughly how many students are there?
2. How many times a week do you have that class?
3. On what days do you have that class?
4. Among things like tests, exams, and homework, roughly how much do you have?
5. Do you have any projects or presentations at the end of the semester?
What other kinds of classes are you taking?
Roughly how much do you study outside of class time?

Model Conversation
A: How many classes are you taking this semester?
B: I’m taking four. Two Japanese classes, one history class, and one literature class.

[pp.24-25] 3-1

Select the ones that fit most from a~q in the illustration on the right for the ( ) in the sentences below.

I don’t want to live in a room where there are people living above me, so I want to live in a ___ room more than a ___ room. And having people living on both sides of me is unpleasant, so I want to live in a _____.
The rent is cheap and I can go to class by walking, so I live in the ___. I can’t cook in the room, but there is a ___ that anyone can use, so sometimes I make and eat food with my friends there.
A: Where is your room?
B: My room is the first one when you enter the dorm.
A: People are often coming and going, so isn’t it loud being near the ___?
B: Sometimes footsteps and voices can be heard, but I think it’s better than the nearby ___ where people often gather and do things like play games.
A: In the future, what kind of house do you want to live in?
B: I want to live in a ___ with a kitchen on the second floor.
A: A kitchen on the second floor!?
B: Yes, I love cooking, so I want a big ___ where plenty of food can be stored and a big ___ where I can cook while looking outside.

a. university dormitory
b. two story building
c. rooftop
d. second floor
e. first floor
f. corner room(s)
g. entrance
h. kitchen
i. stove
j. pot
k. frying pan
l. faucet
m. refrigerator
n. lounge
o. window
p. sofa
q. table

[p.26] 3-2

Dubois-san gave a presentation about her recent lifestyle in class. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

Lifestyle in Japan

It’s been just a month since I’ve begun studying abroad in Japan. During the first two weeks, there were a lot of things I had to do and also a lot of things I didn’t understand, so every day I was only able to sleep about three or four hours. But now I’ve become used to the Japanese lifestyle, and I’m enjoying everyday life. It’s a little different depending on the day of the week, but every night I usually sleep about seven hours.
I am now living in a university dormitory called the International House. You can get to school from the dormitory by bike in about 10 minutes, so it’s very convenient. My room is on the second floor. It’s a corner room, so there are even two windows. It’s not spacious, but it’s bright and a good room.
There are about 20 foreign exchange students and Japanese students total living in this dormitory. Cooking is my hobby, so I often cook and eat together in the first-floor kitchen with the Japanese students. There is also a lounge that anyone can use on the first floor. I like this lounge’s big sofa, and I often do homework together with other foreign exchange students in this lounge. There is a large television in the lounge, so on the weekends there are also times when everyone plays games together. Every day is truly fun.

When did Dubois-san come to Japan?
When Dubois-san began studying abroad, roughly how much did she sleep every day? Why was that?
Is Dubois-san doing a homestay in Japan?
What kind of room is Dubois-san’s room?
Aside from Dubois-san, what kind of other people live in the dormitory?
What is on the first floor?
What kind of things does Dubois-san do on the dormitory first floor?

[p.27] 3-3

Circle all the things which apply to the place where you currently live. After that, let’s do Tasks A-C.

place where you currently live | house, apartment, dormitory, other___

places that are currently the location that you live in | city where you were born, city you moved and came to as a child, near the school that you currently attend, inside a school, country where you were born, country that is different from the country where you were born

things you often do at the place where you currently live | study Japanese, study other foreign languages, do studying other than foreign languages, work, cook, play video games, exercise, read books, read magazines, read newspapers, hang out with friends, watch television, watch movies, listen to music, other___

Task A: Let’s ask a classmate about the place where they currently live in detail, while looking at the table above.
Task B: Write about the place where you currently live and what you often do there, based on the contents of the table. Let’s reference Dubois-san’s presentation from Exercise 3-2.
Task C: Present what you wrote in Task B.

[pp.28-29] 4-1

millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer, gram, kilogram, degrees (celsius)

Select the correct one in the brackets. Write the reading of the underlined numbers in hiragana.

e.g., Johnson-san’s height is one meter and 98 centimeters.

It is said that the tallest mountain in Japan is Mount Fuji, and it is 3,776 [meters, kilometers].
There are roughly 6 [meters, kilometers] from my dormitory to school. It takes about 20 minutes by bike.
My older brother is as much as 8 [centimeters, meters] taller than me.
I ate a steak called One Pound Steak yesterday. It was a very big, roughly 450 [gram, kilogram] steak.
The neighbor’s dog is very big. Even though it’s a dog, I heard it weighs 60 [grams, kilograms].
I somewhat like the design of this bag, but it’s more than one [gram, kilogram], and that’s too heavy. It’d be good to have an 800 [gram, kilogram] one…

[pp.29-30] 4-2

Johnson-san presented a problem of his in class. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

Problem: My Height is 6.5!

Today, I’d like to talk about a time I was troubled when I came to Japan. My problem is length and height units. In Japan, you use millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers for length. Also, you use things like grams and kilograms for weight. But in America, things such as inches, feet, yards, and miles are used for length, while ounces and pounds are used for weight. I didn’t consider this difference before coming to Japan, so it took a while getting used to.
The first time I had this problem was when talking about height. I’m tall, so around the time I just came to Japan, I was often asked, “Roughly, what is your height?” When I was asked for the first time, I answered with “I’m 6.5,” but they weren’t able to understand me at all. At that time, I looked it up and found out 6.5 feet is one meter and 98 centimeters, so I now make sure to answer with “About two meters,” but when I talk about length and weight, there are still times even now when it feels difficult.
There was another thing that took time getting used to. That is temperature units. In America, we use Fahrenheit, but in Japan, you use Celsius. 32 degrees Celsius is roughly 90 degrees Fahrenheit. I don’t like hot days, so if I hear “Today should get up to 32 degrees Celsius” in the weather forecast, I always think, “It’d be better if it was 32 degrees Fahrenheit…” That’s because 32 degrees Fahrenheit is 0 degrees Celsius.

What kind of things troubled Johnson-san after coming to Japan?
When Johnson-san was asked about his height for the first time in Japan, in what unit did he respond?
When Johnson-san is asked about his height now, how does he respond?
Which does Johnson-san like better, days when it is 32 degrees Celsius or when it is 32 degrees Fahrenheit? Why is that?

[pp.30-31] 4-3

Research the below 1~7 and write the number and unit in the brackets.

Let’s use the expression (約〜, about) when you aren’t sure of the correct number or if it’s very large.

e.g., In Japan, the height of the tallest mountain (Mount Fuji) is [3,776 meters].

Population of Japan [ ]
The number of foreigners living in Japan [ ]
Population of Tokyo Prefecture [ ]
The number of foreigners living in Tokyo Prefecture [ ]
Length from the northernmost point of Japan to the southernmost point [ ]
Length of the longest river in Japan (Shinano River) [ ]
Height of the famous Tokyo Skytree, a tower in Tokyo [ ]

[p.31] 4-4

Research and write information like the one from Exercise 4-3 about things you like and are interested in. After that, let’s do Tasks A and B.

e.g., Height of Mt. Everest [8,850 meters]

Task A: Let’s ask a classmate about things they researched.

Model Conversation
A: What did you research?
B: I want to try climbing Mt. Everest, so I looked up the height of it.
A: The height of Mt. Everest?
B: Yes, it’s said that it’s about 8,850 meters.

Task B: Present things you researched.

Topic 2

[p.32] 1-6

Let’s talk in pairs using numerical expressions. (Student A: use page 19)
Student B – Answer Student A’s questions.

[p.34] 1-1

Select the most appropriate choice from a~f for the brackets in the below conversations.

sun
cloud(s)
sky
wind
rain
snow

A: How will tomorrow’s weather be?
B: It seems it won’t be good all day. I heard from the afternoon especially, it will become cold and the ( ) may change to ( ).
A: Is it raining right now?
B: No, it’s not raining. But, the ( ) is very strong so be careful if you go outside.
A: The ( ) is very bright, huh? Although, I regrettably forgot my sunglasses today…
B: Yes, but the ( ) today is truly beautiful, right? It’s a deep blue and no ( ) at all!

[p.35] 1-2

Select the most appropriate choice from a~m for the blanks in the below 1~16. There are also words that you will use more than two times.

a. highest
b. lowest
c. high
d. low
e. cloudy
f. (snow/rain) falls
g. (wind) blows
h. sunny
i. (snow/wind/rain) stops
j. warm
k. cool
l. cold
m. hot

Rain ___
Rain ___
___
___
Wind ___
Wind ___
Snow ___
Snow ___
The temperature is ___
The temperature is ___
___
___
___
___
___ temperature
___ temperature

[p.36] 1-3

Select the correct option in the brackets.

A: I heard it will get over 35 degrees (Celsius) today. That’s [cold, hot], huh?
B: Yes, let’s go to a [warm, cool] place with an air conditioner.
A: Today is cloudy, huh? The [sun, wind] is also strong.
B: Yes, I heard a strong rain will [fall, stop] in the evening. It’d be best if you took an umbrella with you.
A: Is it still raining?
B: Yes, but the sky over there has cleared up, so I think it will [fall, stop] here soon, too.
A: Recently, it’s become [warm, cool] huh? It seems summer has regrettably ended.
B: But, I heard that starting from the day after tomorrow, the temperature will slightly [become higher, become lower] again.
A: I heard your house door regrettably broke in the typhoon from the day before yesterday, but is it true?
B: Yes, a great wind [fell, blew], right? The tree in front of my house fell down and regrettably hit the door.

[p.36] 1-4

Let’s think of a conversation that discusses (lit., speaks about) things such as weather and the temperature and present it with a classmate. Use the conversation from Exercise 1-3 as a reference.

Conversation about the temperature (hot, cold, etc.)
Conversation about the weather (rain, wind, snow, etc)

[p.37] 1-5

Wang-san writes in a journal every day before bed. Read the journal and answer the questions.

Saturday, October 28th
I woke up at 6:30AM this morning. Outside, it was very bright, and the sky was beautiful. So, I went to the park near the dormitory and drew a picture of the sky and clouds. The temperature had lowered a bit, but it felt really good.
It began to be cloudy starting from the afternoon, and it rained in the evening. I was a little surprised because the weather in the morning was so good. But the sky after the rain had stopped was also beautiful, so I took a picture of the pretty sky this time. It was a bit strange weather, but I was able to see a beautiful sky, so it was a good day.

A. Write a circle in the brackets for the true sentences and an “x” for false ones.

The weather was bad this morning
It was warm this morning.
It rained this morning.
Today, it was cloudy in the afternoon and it rained in the evening.
The rain that started in the evening never stopped.

B. Answer the questions.

What did Wang-san do in the morning?
What did Wang-san do in the afternoon?

[p.38] 1-6

Recall a recent day that you remember well and circle all the applicable things in the table below. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

Task A: Let’s ask a classmate about their recent day while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: When did you write about?
B: I wrote about February 8th.
A: What kind of day was it?
B: I was supposed to take a friend to the airport but it started to snow in the morning and the wind was also strong.
A: Driving on snowy days is scary, huh?
B: Yes, I was able to get to the airport but the airplane didn’t fly because of the snow.

Task B: Using Wang-san’s journal from Exercise 1-5 as a reference, write a journal entry about your day from the table.
Task C: Present what you wrote in Task B.

[p.39] 2-1

Which seasonal stories are the following 1~8? Choose from the below four.

spring, summer, autumn, winter

I like skiing, so I love this season.
I don’t like the cold. Therefore, I like this season when it becomes warm and the flowers begin to bloom.
When I was a child, my parents took me to the ocean every year when it turned to this season. The beach was always crowded and many people were playing in the ocean.
I don’t like the cold. But I hate the heat more. That’s why I like this season when the temperature begins to lower.
In Japan, many people look forward to seeing sakura in this season. This is called “Hanami.”
In this season, many tree leaf colors turn red and it becomes very beautiful. This is called “Kōyou.” Many people go to the mountain to view “Kōyou.”
In Japan, various kinds of festivals are carried out in many places across the country all year round but I think the festivals where you can see “Hanabi,” which I like, are at their peak during this season. And every year I go to see Kyoto’s famous “Gion Matsuri” festival during this season.
In Japan, people often eat “nabe-ryori” during this season. This is a cuisine where you put various things like meats, fish, and vegetables into a pot, boil it in hot broth, and eat.

[p.40] 2-2

Write as many expressions and words as you can that you think represent each season well. After that, ask a classmate about what words and expressions they wrote for each season.

Model Conversation
A: What did you write for spring?
B: I wrote “sakura.”
A: Me too.
B: Every year, I make a bento and go to the nearby park to see the flowers.

[pp.40-41] 2-3

In the below questions (1~5), choose a season in the brackets. After that, ask a classmate the below questions (1~5).

When you were a child, what kinds of things did you often do?
What kinds of things do you often do now?
What kinds of things do you like doing?
What kinds of things do you dislike?
What kinds of things do you want to try doing in the future?

[spring, summer, fall, winter]

Example 1
A: What kinds of things do you dislike? [fall]
B: I don’t like the cold. Therefore, I dislike having to get up in a cold room in the morning on cold winter days.

Example 2
A: What kinds of things do you want to try doing in the future?
B: Every year in winter, a snow festival called the “Sapporo Snow Festival” is carried out in the Japanese city of Sapporo. I heard this festival is very beautiful. Therefore, I want to try going to see this festival in the future.

[pp.41-42] 2-4

Yi-san gave a presentation in class about things she likes doing in winter. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

Winter Fun: Nabe Cuisine
I don’t really like cold seasons. Japan’s winters are also cold, so I don’t really like it. But there is one thing I love doing in Japanese winter. That is eating “nabe cuisine.” I love nabe, so I eat it almost every week in winter. There are also times when I eat it more than five days in a single week.
Nabe is a dish in which you add vegetables and usually meat or fish to the inside of hot broth in a pot and boil it. When making nabe, you use a pot made from clay called a “donabe.” In order to cook nabe cuisine, I also bought a donabe. And I also bought a small stove that I can place on a table.
Once it becomes cold, various kinds of nabe broth begin to sell at the supermarket. I like buying different flavors of broth every week and trying to compare them. Last week, I bought a miso flavor and a kimchi flavor, then made the miso-flavored nabe on Tuesday and the kimchi-flavored one on Friday. I put fish and vegetables in the miso-flavored nabe and chicken and kimchi in the kimchi-flavored one. Both were very delicious. I’m planning on going to a famous nabe cuisine restaurant this weekend with friends. It’s a store that I’m going to for the first time, so I’m really looking forward to it.

A. Let’s confirm the nabe tools and ingredients.

Of a~c, which is a necessary item for making nabe? What is the name of that?
Name:
Of a~c, which is the stove that Yi-san bought?
Select all the things that Yi-san put into the nabe dish that she cooked last week and write a~f inside of the nabe pots

a. nabe broth (miso flavor)
b. nabe broth (kimchi flavor)
c. kimchi
d. vegetables
e. chicken
f. fish

Nabe made on Tuesday | Nabe made on Friday

B. Write a circle in the true sentences and an “x” in the untrue sentences.

Yi-san loves winter because she can eat nabe cuisine.
Yi-san eats nabe more than five days every week in winter.
In winter, you can buy various flavors of nabe broth at the supermarket.
Yi-san went to eat delicious nabe two times last week.
Yi-san plans on going to a famous nabe cuisine store this weekend.

[p.42] 2-5

Reference Yi-san’s presentation from Exercise 2-4 and write an essay with the topic of seasons.

[p.42] 2-6

Present the things you wrote in Exercise 2-5.

[p.43] 3-1

Select the correct option in the brackets.
[hot, cold] day, tea

[pp.43-44] 3-2

The below is a Q&A site about Japanese. Brown-san responded to a question written on the site. Read his response and answer the questions.

Shaun
Q. Hot? Hot?
Do the Japanese words “暑い” and “熱い” have the same meaning? Or is there a difference? And how about “寒い” and “冷たい?”

Brown
A. I also remember having this problem when I first learned these words and kanji! “暑い” is a kanji used when the air temperature is high. For example, when writing “today is hot,” you use this kanji. For times other than that, use “熱い.” For example, you use it for things such as coffee, tea, and ramen. Then, there’s also the kanji “厚い” for “atsui.” This kanji has the meaning of thick and you use it like “thick steak” and “thick book.”
The differences between “寒い” and “冷たい” resemble those of “暑い” and “熱い.” When you mean “the air temperature is low, ” you use “寒い” as in “cold day” or “cold winter.” For other cases, you use “冷たい” like “cold water” or “cold wind.”
And there are also two kanji for “atatakai!” They are “暖かい” and “温かい.” These kanji’s differences are also the same as “暑い” and “熱い,” so you use them like “warm day” or “warm soup.”

A. Select the correct one in the brackets.

A: Today is cold, huh?
B: Yes, it is. We want it to warm up quickly, right?
A: Here is your tea. It’s hot, so be careful.
B: Sorry… but I wanted it cold.
A: Isn’t this room a bit too hot?
B: Is that so? Well then, I’ll shut off the stove.
A: The wind outside was chilly and it felt really cold.
B: Is that so? Do you want to drink something warm then?

B. Ask a classmate the below questions. When answering, let’s explain in an easy to understand way by giving examples like Brown-san.

How are “寒い” and “冷たい” different?
How many kanji are there for the word “atatakai?” How do you use each of them?
How many kanji are there for the word “atsui?” How do you use each of them?

[p.45] 3-3

Choose a city you like or that you want to try visiting in the future. Research and write things such as that city’s weather and temperature. After that, let’s do Tasks A and B.

name of city
heat of summer
coolness of winter
today’s weather
today’s highest temperature
today’s lowest temperature

Task A: Let’s ask about the weather and temperature of the city a classmate chose while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: About what kind of city did you research?
B: I researched the city called “Asakusa.”
A: Ah, I’ve also heard the name before.
B: It’s a city that appeared in an anime I like, and I’m thinking about going there for next year’s summer vacation.
A: Nice! Roughly how hot does summer in Asakusa become?
B: It often goes above 30 degrees in July and August, but it seems there were also some days when it went above 35 degrees last year.

Task B: Present the things you researched.

Topic 3

[p.48] 1-1

Look up the location of prefectures 1~11 below and choose from a~k on the map.

Tokyo Prefecture
Kyoto Prefecture
Hokkaido
Okinawa Prefecture
Hyogo Prefecture-ken
Osaka Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture
Kanagawa Prefecture
Chiba Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture
Fukuoka Prefecture

[p.48] 1-2

Choose the ones which apply to 1~8 on the map from a~i.

< Japan’s main islands >
a. Honshu
b. Shikoku
c. Kyushu
d. Hokkaido
e. Okinawa Island

< words that show direction >
f. North
g. South
h. East
i. West

[p.49] 1-3

Write the correct word in the below parentheses using North, South, East, and West to complete the sentence.

Japan’s ( )most part is Okinawa and the ( )most one is Hokkaido.
There is a prefecture called “Hyogo” in the ( ) of Kyoto. Here lies Kobe, famous for its “Kobe Beef.” And in the ( ) of Kyoto is Osaka Prefecture.
In the ( ) of Tokyo is a prefecture called “Saitama.” In the ( ), there is Kanagawa.
The Disneyland located in Japan is called “Tokyo Disneyland.” But, this is in Chiba Prefecture, ( ) of Tokyo. Narita Airport is also in this prefecture.
If you fly by plane ( ) from Tokyo, you’ll arrive in places such as South Korea and China, and if you fly ( ), you’ll arrive in America.

[pp.49-50] 1-4

Johnson-san responded to a question written on a Japanese Q&A website. Read his response and answer the questions.

Laura
Q. To, Dō, Fu, Ken?

I studied a phrase called “todōfuken” in a dictionary. This is written as “prefecture” in English. But Okinawa Prefecture, which I traveled to last year, is called “Okinawa-ken.” It is not “Okinawa-todōfuken.” What kinds of times are better to use “todōfuken?”

Johnson
A. “To,” “dō,” “fu,” and “ken” all have the meaning of “prefecture,” but “to,” “dō,” and “fu” are only used for the following four.

“to” > Tokyo-to | “dō” > Hokkaido
“fu” > Osaka-fu, Kyoto-fu

The ones apart from these four all use “ken.” Therefore, Okinawa, which you went to last year, is “Okinawa-ken.” If you say things such as “Okinawa-fu,” “Okinawa-dō,” and “”Okinawa-fu,” all are incorrect.
The phrase “todōfuken” gets used in sentences such as the ones below, for example.
・How many prefectures (todōfuken) are there in Japan?
・Of all the prefectures (todōfuken) you’ve been to, please tell me the place that was the best.
・How many names of prefectures (todōfuken) do you remember?

Select the correct one inside of the brackets.

The word “to” is used for [Tokyo, Hokkaido, Osaka].
The word “fu” is used for [Tokyo, Hokkaido, Osaka & Kyoto].
Saying “Okinawa-ken” is [correct, incorrect].
Saying “Okinawa–dō” is [correct, incorrect].
The way of asking the question “Which prefecture (todōfuken) do you want to try living in?” is [correct, incorrect].

[pp.50-51] 1-5

Let’s research and respond to questions about things such as prefectures on Japan’s main islands and methods of moving from island to island.

A. Complete the below sentences by putting the correct number in the blank.

Altogether there are ___ prefectures (todōfuken) in Japan.
There are ___ prefectures (tofuken) in Honshu.
There are ___ prefectures (ken) in Shikoku.
There are ___ prefectures (ken) in Kyushu.

B. Research whether the below a~e are connected in between by things such as tunnels and bridges and write the applicable one in the parentheses of 1~4.

a. Hokkaido b. Honshu c. Shikoku d. Kyushu e. Okinawa

There is a tunnel and bridge between ___ and ___.
There are bridges between ___ and___. But there is not a tunnel.
There is a tunnel between ___ and ___. But there is not a bridge.
There is not a tunnel or bridge between ___ and the other islands.

tunnel, bridge

C. You are traveling around Japan without using things such as planes, ferries, and limited time trains. Write a circle in all the possible methods from a~e when moving in ways such as 1~4.

Hokkaido > Honshu
Honshu > Shikoku
Honshu > Kyushu
Kyushu > Okinawa

a. going by foot
b. bicycle
c. car
d. Shinkansen (bullet train)
e. trains other than Shinkansen

D. If you travel around Japan, how would you like to try moving around? Complete the table below. After that, ask a classmate how they’d like to try traveling.

[hints for methods of moving around]
plane, train, Shinkansen (bullet train), ferry, bicycle, car, on foot

From where to where do you want to try going? (e.g., from Hokkaido to Shikoku)

How do you want to go? (e.g., Shinkansen (bullet train) for the duration from Hokkaido to Honshu and bicycle for the duration from Honshu to Shikoku)

Why do you want to use that to go? (e.g., because I heard Shinkansen (bullet trains) are amazing from a friend/because I like bicycles)

[p.52] 2-1

What are the places being described by the below 1~3? Choose from a~c.

a. aquarium b. (natural history) museum c. shrine

Place where Shinto Gods are enshrined
Place with a large variety of fish and aquatic life
Place where there are various documents, and you can do things such as research and learn

[pp.52-54] 2-2

Foreign exchange students wrote compositions about their travels in Japan. Read each composition and answer the questions.

Wang-san [A Fun Family Trip]
Three years ago in spring, I went to Okinawa for a trip together with my family. At that time, I was still living in China and I went from Shanghai to Okinawa. It took about 3 hours by plane.
While we were in Okinawa, every day was very sunny and really hot. We went to various places by rental car. All of the places we went to were fun but the aquarium called “Churaumi Aquarium” was especially great. Here we were able to do things such as touch and look at fish of various kinds and sizes, as well as see shows. The best part was being able to see a big shark open its big mouth and eat food for lunch.

Brown-san [Memory of Hokkaido]
Two years ago in August when I went to hang out in Hokkaido, I went to an Ainu History Museum located in a town called “Shiraoi.” I was able to study a lot about things such as Ainu culture and history there and it was very interesting. Also, I was able to listen to Ainu songs and play an instrument called the “tonkori.” The tonkori is a traditional Ainu instrument and resembles the shape of a guitar. I like music and I play guitar as a hobby so having played this instrument was the most fun. I didn’t understand the words of the Ainu songs and it was a shame but the voices and rhythm were beautiful so I was very moved (emotionally).

Yi-san [Enjoy Japan Travel by Train]
In the summer of last year, I traveled around various places in Japan by train. First, I headed West from Tokyo and went to Osaka. Then in Osaka, I did things such as tour famous places and eat delicious food. After that, I crossed the bridge between Honshu and Shikoku and went to Tokushima City of Tokushima Prefecture. In Tokushima City, I watched the dance festival in which they dance the “Awaodori,” a traditional dance. This dance appeared to seem easy so I also tried dancing along. But I wasn’t able to dance well at all. I thought, “This is harder than I imagined!”.
After returning to Honshu, I also went to Kyushu. In Kyushu, the shrine called “Dazaifutenmangū” in Fukuoka was the best. That shrine is famous for having a God of Learning so I bought a protection charm in hopes that my grades will improve.

A. Complete the table below in regards to the foreign exchange students trips.

Wang-san
Brown-san
Yi-san

(a) When did they travel (b) prefectures they went to (c) what they did

B. Where are the below 1~4? Choose from a~e from the map on the right.

Shiraoi City
Dazaifutenmangū
Tokushima City
Churaumi Aquarium

C. Of the foreign exchange students, who are each of the people who went to the below 1~3?

Japan’s Northernmost place
Southernmost place
Kyushu and Shikoku

D. Ask a classmate the below questions.

From where did Wang-san go to Okinawa? Roughly how long did it take?
What did Wang-san think was the best part of his entire trip?
What did Brown-san enjoy doing most? Why is that?
Why did Yi-san buy a protective charm at “Dazaifutenmangū?”

[pp.54-55] 2-3

Let’s summarize one of your own travel memories. Of all the travel you’ve done so far, choose one which you remember well and complete the table below. After that, do Tasks A~C.

When did you travel (e.g., May of 2019, summer vacation three years ago, three months ago, last month)

Country and place (e.g., Kyoto, Japan)

Map (Draw a map in order to understand where it is. If you’ve traveled to a place other than Japan, also draw the location of Japan.)

Time it took until arriving at the destination (e.g., roughly two hours and 40 minutes from Tokyo to Kyoto by Shinkansen)

By what means did you get to the destination (e.g., subway from my house to the station and Shinkansen from Tokyo Station to Kyoto Station)

Roughly how long you were at the destination (e.g., three days, one week, one month)

Things you did at the destination, the good things, and the bad things (e.g., went to a temple called “Kiyomizu-dera”

A. Let’s ask a classmate in detail about things they wrote in the table above.

B. Reference the foreign exchange students presentations from Exercise 2-2 and write a composition about your trip from the table (above).

C. Present the things you wrote in Task B.

[p.56] 3-1

Choose from “dai,” “chi,” and “bi,” and write the applicable word in the blanks below for 1~10.

“~dai” (expresses a fee) “~chi” (expresses the place) “~bi” (expresses the days)

destination ___
departure ___
departure ___
departure ___
departure ___
destination ___
airplane ___
train ___
bus ___
accommodation ___

Kyoto in Autumn | one day bus tour

6,000 yen, November 15th, 9:00 AM departure from Kyoto Station
OO travel

Summer is Hawaii!
departure from Narita Airport on July 21st, five days, 250,000 yen
OO travel

[p.57] 3-2

Choose the applicable word from a~k for the blanks below in 1~11.

a. one night, two days
b. two nights, three days
c. day trip
d. first day
e. second day
f. third day
g. (metropolitan) city
h. countryside
i. sales area
j. transfer (vehicles)
k. to reserve

___ trip
___ trip
___ trip
___
___
___
___
ticket ___
___ at Tokyo Station (home, Tokyo Station, Kyoto)
___
___

Itinerary
March 22nd
departure from Tokyo (8:00 AM) > arrival to Kyoto (10:30 AM) : departure from Kyoto (8:00 PM) > arrival to Tokyo (10:30 PM)

Itinerary
March 22nd – departure from Tokyo (8:00 AM) > arrival to Kyoto (10:30 AM)
March 23rd – departure from Kyoto (8:00 PM) > arrival to Tokyo (10:30 PM)

Itinerary
March 22nd – departure from Tokyo (8:00 AM) > arrival to Kyoto (10:30 AM)
March 23rd – Kyoto
March 24th – departure from Kyoto (8:00 PM) > arrival to Tokyo (10:30 PM)

[pp.57-58] 3-3

Read the conversation below and choose the correct one in the brackets.

A: Where did you stay for your weekend trip?
B: I was wanting to do a one night, two day trip but changed it to a [day trip, two night, three day trip] because I didn’t have enough money.
A: Ah, I see.
A: Is there a tour of Hawaii that looks good?
B: Yes, how’s this? The [departure day, departure place] is July 23rd and it seems we’ll depart from Narita Airport.
A: Hmm, if it’s Narita then it will be convenient, right?
B: It says we will [depart from, arrive to] Japan at around 8:00 PM and [depart from, arrive to] Hawaii around 9:00 AM local time.
A: If we’re arriving early in the morning, we can do things like tour around and swim in the ocean starting from [one day, the first day], right?
A: Traveling abroad seems fun but isn’t it difficult?
B: Yes, especially because if you go to countries where you don’t understand the language, finding the ticket [sales land, sales area] is also difficult.
A: How was Tokyo?
B: It was really fun. Because it’s a [countryside, city], right? But there were a lot of people and it was tiring. As I expected, I decided that living in the [countryside, city] would be better.
A: I heard if you [accommodate, reserve] this hotel on the internet then the [accommodation, reservation] fee will be cheaper.
B: I see! Then let’s [reserve, accommodate] on the laptop now.
A: Are you going by car for next week’s trip?
B: Actually, I haven’t yet decided. Driving is tiring and the [bus, gasoline] fee isn’t cheap, among other things.
A: Ah, but if you don’t go by car it costs money for things like train fares and [bus, gasoline] fees, plus isn’t having to [change vehicles, reserve] on the bus and train also difficult?
B: You’ve got that right…

[pp.59-60] 3-4

Yi-san gave a presentation in class about a tour that she’d like to participate in. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

Kyoto Kōyō Bus Tour
Today, I will be presenting the tour I would like to participate in. The tour I want to participate in is a tour called “Kyoto Kōyō Bus Tour.” I found this tour on the Internet. On this tour, participants can go to Kyoto’s famous tourist spots by bus and enjoy the autumn leaves. I heard from a friend who grew up in Kyoto, “It’s better to go in autumn because Kyoto’s autumn leaves are beautiful,” so I thought I’d want to try participating in this tour. I would like to take a lot of pictures of beautiful trees and mountains that have become red and yellow.
The departure spot of this tour is Kyoto Station, and the departure time is 10 o’clock. I heard we will go to a famous temple in the morning. After that, we will eat Kyō-ryōri for lunch. “Kyō-ryōri” is Japanese cuisine that makes use of Japan’s traditions and Kyoto’s culture, and I heard that a lot of vegetables made in Kyoto are used in it. I don’t really like vegetables, but the ones in Kyō-ryōri look beautiful and delicious and I want to try them.
In the afternoon, we will go to a tourist spot called “Arashiyama.” This place is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. I like to walk in nature, so I want to enjoy the beautiful scenery and delicious air while watching the autumn leaves. After Arashiyama, we will go to a famous castle and return to Kyoto Station around 5 o’clock.
The price of this tour is 8,100 yen. If you use the train or bus to tour by yourself, you may be able to do it cheaper. However, I don’t think this fee is expensive because it includes the cost of Kyō-ryori, and a tour guide will talk about the history of Kyoto on the bus. In addition, it is difficult to look up the time of trains and buses and transfer, so I think it’s good to join a bus tour. If I could go to Kyoto this fall, I would like to participate in this tour.

A. Let’s summarize information about the tour that Yi-san presented. Circle the one correct item from a~c in #2 and all the items from a~h in #5.

Tour name
Tour length
a. day trip
b. one night, two days
c. two nights, three days
Departure time and place
Fees/fares
Things included in the tour
a. eating breakfast
b. eating lunch
c. eating dinner
d. seeing autumn leaves at Arashiyama
e. seeing autumn leaves at a famous temple
f. seeing autumn leaves at a famous castle
g. listening to the tour guide’s advice (lit., the tour guide’s words)
h. transferring from bus to train
Reason why Yi-san wants to participate in the tour

B. Write a circle for true and an “x” for false.

Yi-san had asked a friend who was raised in Kyoto to recommend this tour to her.
Yi-san would like to eat Kyō-ryōri again because the one she ate before was delicious.
Arashiyama is known for the beauty of its scenery.
This tour returns and ends at the departure place.
Yi-san thinks you can travel cheaper if you participate in a tour than if you use the trains and buses by yourself for sightseeing.

[pp.61-62] 3-5

Look for a tour that you think you’d like to try participating in and complete the table below. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

Tour name
Tour location and length
Fees/fares
Things included in the tour
Why do you want to participate in this tour/what kinds of things you want to do if you participate

A. Let’s ask a classmate in detail about a tour they’d like to try participating in while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: What kind of tour do you want to try participating in?
B: I want to try participating in one called “The Gourmet Tour of Hokkaido by Shinkansen.”
A: Is it a tour in which you go to Hokkaido by Shinkansen and eat delicious things?
B: Yes, I want to try riding the Shinkansen that passes through the tunnel between Honshu and Hokkaido.
A: I also haven’t ridden that one before yet. It seems interesting, right?
B: Yes. You’re able to ride the Shinkansen and you can also eat Hokkaido’s delicious fish, so don’t you think it’s the best?

B. Reference Yi-san’s presentation from Exercise 3-4 and write about your tour from the table.

C. Present the things you wrote in Task B.

Topic 4

[p.64] 1-1

Choose the words that represent the below 1~12 from a~l.

a. stairs
b. elevator
c. escalator
d. building
e. rooftop
f. exit
g. underground
h. parking lot
i. intersection
j. traffic lights
k. corner
l. road

[pp.64-65] 1-2

Choose the words that fit best in the blanks below for 1~9 from a~f. There are also words that you will use twice.

a. straight (ahead)
b. to descend down
c. to ascend up
d. to turn
e. to cross
f. to pass through

___ the stairs
___ the stairs
go ___ down the road
___ the fifth floor
___ the first floor
___ the bridge | river
___ left
___ the road
___ the park

[p.65] 1-3

Choose the correct one inside the parentheses.

When you descend down to [underground, the second floor], there are no windows, so I don’t really like it.
I make sure to walk as much as possible for my health. I make it a rule to only use the [elevator, stairs] inside buildings when ascending up to the floors above.
The university [parking lot, rooftop] is cheap, so I go to school by car.
There are as many as 20 floors in this building, so when you ascend up to the [entrance, rooftop], a beautiful view is visible.
When you get off the train, look for [entrance, exit] number three and exit outside. Once you cross the street in front of you, my company building is there.
When crossing the intersection, you must abide by the [traffic lights, corner].
You can [ascend, descend] underground on this escalator but you cannot [ascend, descend] to the rooftop. To get to the roof, please use that [elevator, road].

[p.66] 1-4

A. Let’s talk in pairs using movement expressions. (Student B: page 76)

Student A
Listen to the sentences that Student B reads and show how the person in the map moves around with an arrow.
(e.g., Student B: Cross the bridge and turn right. > Student A will insert an arrow on the map showing the movement)

B. Read the following sentences aloud so that Student B is able to write an arrow on the map (page 76-77).

Turn left at the second intersection.
Exit out of exit number two and go straight.
Pass through the parking lot and go.
Pass in front of the convenience store and go to the library.
Turn right in front of the entrance to the parking lot.
Ascend from the first floor to the seventh using the elevator and ascend to the rooftop using the stairs.

[pp.67-68] 2-1

Look up the meanings of the below words from a~q and mark a circle in all the table’s applicable places in regards to how often you go to each place. After that, let’s ask a classmate about where and how often they go to those places.

a. embassy
b. consulate
c. greengrocer
d. police station
e. police box
f. hospital
g. bank
h. post office
i. pool
j. lake
k. art museum
l. natural history museum
m. amusement park
n. zoo
o. temple
p. shrine
q. church

Model Conversation
A: Are there times when you go to places such as the embassy and consulate?
B: No, I’ve never been. I also don’t really know much about what kind of place it is.
A: I’ve been there once before when I lost my passport while traveling.

[p.68] 2-2

Insert the applicable items into the parentheses in the below sentences from words a~q in Exercise 2-1.

When you lose your passport during overseas travel, you must contact a(n) ( ) or ( ) and have them make you a new one.
There is a small ( ) nearby the school, and usually there are two police officers. When my wallet had been stolen, I went there.
I love drawings, so in the future I will be happy if I could get a job at a ( ).
On New Year’s, my host family took me to a ( ) where a famous Shinto god exists.
I’m thinking of going to the ( ) and mailing a letter, then going to the ( ) and withdrawing money.
Because I dislike saltwater, I don’t really like swimming in the ocean. But I love swimming in places like ( ) and ( ).
My friends said they wanted to ride a jet coaster and merry-go-round, among other things, so we decided to go to the ( ) on the weekend.
My town’s ( ) is famous for having rare monkeys with gold fur.
The vegetables of the ( ) near my house are fresher than the supermarket ones, so when I buy only vegetables, I make sure to go there.

[pp.68-69] 2-3

You are at the place with the two people on the map. Give directions to (person) A.

e.g.,
A: Excuse me. Where is the convenience store?
B: Go straight down this road, then once you turn left at the second intersection, it will be on your right.

A: Excuse me. Do you know where the library is?
B: Yes, I do know. ___
A: Thank you. And, is there a convenience store near the library?
B: Yes there is.
A: Is that so? Well then, could you also tell me the way to get to the convenience store from the library?
B: Yes, ___.
A: Excuse me. As for rental cars, where can I borrow them?
B: ___
[Inside a department store]
A: Excuse me. Where is the elevator?
B: ___.

[pp.69-70] 2-4

Let’s talk in pairs while looking at the map. Talk in casual speech. (Student B: p. 77)

Student A
A. Ask Student B where the below 1~3 are on the map and choose the applicable places from a~n.

pool
embassy
police station

B. Student B is looking for the places in the below 1~3. Use as many of the words in brackets as possible and tell them where they are.

church [this road, convenience store, corner, (to) turn]
greengrocer [straight, corner, right]
police box [public park, corner, (to) turn, left]

[p.70] 2-5

Let’s talk in pairs while looking at the map. (Student B: p. 78)

Student A
A. Ask Student B where the below 1~4 are located and write the numbers in the map.

pool
police box
cafe
greengrocer

B. Give directions to the below 1~4 to Student B.

convenience store
embassy
police station
post office

[p.71] 3-1

Choose the one being explained by the below 1~3 from a~c.

a. shopping district
b. manga cafe
c. mailbox

A store with a lot of manga where you can do things such as eating food and drinking beverages while freely reading them.
When sending a letter, the box you put it in.
Place where a large variety of stores are gathered in a city.

[pp.71-74] 3-2

Foreign exchange students wrote about recommended places that they often go to in the shopping district. Read the sentences in 1~4 and answer the questions.

Yi-san [Korean Cuisine is Delicious!]
My recommended store is a Korean restaurant called Seoul House. I go to Seoul House one or two times a month. The recommended menu here is bulgogi and bibimbap. Among my friends, there are some who cannot eat spicy things and don’t really like Korean food, but those friends too say that Seoul House’s bibimbap is the best.
Seoul House is near the shopping district mailbox. Exit from the north exit of the station and turn right at the corner with the mailbox. Go a little bit further, and then it’s on your left. On the opposite side of the street as well, there is a Korean cuisine restaurant called “Seoul Town,” so please don’t get it wrong. Seoul Town’s cuisine is also delicious, but Seoul House’s prices are a little bit cheaper, and the menu is bigger, so I recommend it.
Wang-san [Place to Find Manga You Want to Read]
My favorite store in the shopping district is a manga cafe called Comic Room. There are many beloved manga that I think I would like to read countless times at Comic Room, so I usually go there once or twice a week and read manga. Usually I only drink beverages, but when I’m hungry, there are also times when I eat things like ramen and curry. When I went last week, I ate miso ramen while reading a cooking manga.
Comic Room is close to the bus stop, so if you go by bus, it’s convenient. Once you get off the bus, head towards the bank and walk. The comic room is on the second floor of the building on the opposite side of the street from the bank. The store’s name is written in Katakana on the second-floor window, but it’s a little bit hard to find, so be cautious.
Dubois-san [My Oasis]
I go to the shopping district almost every weekend. There are many interesting stores, but the one that I recommend most is the shopping district shrine. There are a lot of trees at this shrine, and even on hot summer days, it’s cooler than other places. Everyone speaks quietly in the shrine, so even though there are a lot of people, it’s always quiet. I love to take a walk while talking with friends in this shrine. And at times such as those when I’m feeling tired or I want to think about something, I go to this shrine alone. When I walk around the shrine by myself, no matter what kind of tough things there are, I always have a feeling that “I’ll do my best tomorrow too.”
This shrine is at the end of the shopping district. If you go by train, exit out of the station’s North exit and walk straight until the end of the shopping district. If you go by bus, after getting off, go until the intersection with the mailbox and turn left at that corner.
Brown-san [Place Where You Can Enjoy Matcha and Paintings]
My top recommendation is a cafe called Tea Time. I often do things like drink matcha lattes and eat matcha cake at this cafe. There’s a variety of paintings decorated on the wall of this store, and it’s like a small art museum. New paintings are put on display every month, so while I wait for my matcha latte to come, I make it a rule to look at the paintings on the walls. I like anime, and I often draw anime character paintings, but in the future, I also want to draw artistic paintings like those decorated in this cafe.
Tea Time is near the station. After exiting the North exit, go straight and enter left into the narrow street between the greengrocer and police box. Go a little further, and Tea Time will be on your left. But if you look at it from the outside, it seems like a typical home kind of store, so it may be a little bit hard to find. There is a store selling tea leaves called “Tea Leaves” next to the cafe, so if you find that store, enter the store to its right.

A. Where are the below 1~7? Choose from a~g in the map.
(in map: bus, bank, greengrocer, convenience store, florist, butcher. North exit, South exit, pool)

Seoul House
Seoul Town
Comic Room
shrine
police box
Tea Time
Tea Leaves

B. Answer the questions.

What is on the opposite side of the place that Yi-san recommends?
What does Wang-san go to do at the place that he recommends?
Why is the place that Dubois-san recommends cooler and more quiet than other places?
What does Brown-san usually do after requesting a drink at the place he recommends?

C. There is one mistake in each sentence. Fix it to be a proper sentence like the example.

e.g., The name of the place that Yi-san recommends is ~~Seoul Town~~. > Seoul House

Yi-san goes to the shop she recommends 12 times a month.
Yi-san thinks Seoul Town’s food is not delicious.
Wang-san doesn’t usually drink beverages at the shop he recommends. He never eats food.
The shop that Wang-san recommends is on the second floor of the building with a bank.
“COMIC ROOM” is written on the window of the shop that Wang-san recommends.
The place that Dubois-san recommends is in front of the shopping district train station.
The shop that Brown-san recommends is an art museum with a variety of paintings decorated along the wall.
The shop that Brown-san recommends sells tea leaves called “Tea Leaves.”

D. Let’s talk in pairs about the ways of getting to the below 1~5.

shrine > police box
Seoul Town > Tea Leaves
Comic Room > butcher
bus stop > pool
florist > bus stop

e.g., Tea Time > bank
A: I want to go to the bank from Tea Time, but tell me the directions.
B: Sure okay. First, exit right out of Tea Time and turn left at the first intersection.
A: Uh-huh.
B: After that, turn left again at the corner with the mailbox and it will be on the left once you go a bit further.
A: Is that so? Got it. Thank you.

[pp.75-76] 3-3

Choose one of the places you recommend and complete the table below. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

recommended place
things you often do there
reason you recommend there
directions (Draw a map and explain in words as well.) | map | explanation

A. Let’s have a conversation about the places you recommend with a classmate while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: Where is the place you recommend?
B: It is a public park near the university. I often go there to take a walk when I want to relax.
A: Is that so?
B: There’s also a beautiful lake in the park, I definitely recommend it.

B. Reference the foreign exchange student’s sentences from Exercise 3-2 and write about the place you recommend.

C. Present the things you wrote in Task B.

[pp.76-77] 1-4 | Student B

Let’s talk in pairs using expressions of movement.

A. Read the below sentences aloud so that Student A can write an arrow on the map (page 66).

e.g., Student B: Cross the bridge and turn right. > Student A draws an arrow on the map.

Turn right at the intersection before the bridge.
Cross the intersection and turn right.
Exit left out of Exit 1 and go straight.
Go along the parking lot.
Turn left at the corner with the convenience store and turn right at the next intersection.
Go up to the second floor using the escalator.

B. Listen to sentences that Student A reads and express how the person in the map moves with an arrow.

[pp.77-78] 2-4 | Student B

Let’s talk in pairs while looking at the map. Talk in casual speech. (Student A: page 69)

A. Student A is looking for the places in the below 1~3. Explain where they are using words in the brackets as much as possible.

pool [this road, straight, ~st/~nd/~rd/~th, intersection, to cross]
embassy [~st/~nd/~rd/~th, intersection, to turn]
police station [bridge, to cross, immediately, to turn]

(in map: police station, embassy, pool)

B. Ask Student A where the below 1~3 are, and choose the appropriate place from a~j.

church
greengrocer
police box

(in map: convenience store, public park)

[p.78] 2-5 | Student B

Let’s talk in pairs while looking at the map below. (Student A: page 70)

A. Tell Student A directions to the below 1~4.
1. Pool 2. police box 3. cafe 4. greengrocer

B. Ask Student A where the below 1~4 are, and write the numbers of each in the map.

convenience store
embassy
police station
post office

(in map: greengrocer, pool, police box, cafe)

Topic 5

[pp.80-81] 1-1

Choose the applicable items for the parentheses in sentences below from a~r.

a. face
b. eye(s)
c. nose
d. neck
e. arm
f. hand
g. leg/foot
h. head
i. eyebrow(s)
j. ear(s)
k. mouth
l. shoulder(s)
m. throat
n. chest
o. elbow
p. stomach
q. finger(s)/toe(s)
r. knee

When singing, please open your ( ) more widely and sing with a big voice.
My voice is strange and my ( ) hurts when I do things such as eat or drink, so I may have caught a cold.
My ( ) is empty. Is there anything to eat?
Recently, my ( ) have regrettably become worse. When reading books, I need glasses.
My older sister’s ( ) is very good (fig., very smart) and she gets good grades every semester.
My younger brother’s ( ) go very fast and he can run 100 meters in 11 seconds.
My grandmother’s ( ) aren’t very good, so when I talk with her, I make sure to speak clearly with a loud voice.
Those who have questions, please raise your ( ).
I think I’ve met that person somewhere before. I remember their ( ) but I regrettably forgot when and where we met.
In soccer, players other than the goalkeeper cannot touch the ball with their ( ) and ( ) and ( ).
A giraffe’s ( ) is long so they can eat things in high places.
When elephants eat things, they use their long ( ) and skillfully put food into their ( ).
If you can’t move your left hand’s ( ) smoothly then you won’t be able to play guitar well.

[pp.81-82] 1-2

Brown-san responded to a question written on a Japanese Q&A website. Read his response and answer the questions.

Shawn
Q. Do You Wear Wristwatches?
In Japanese, we say “put on clothes [kiru], put on pants [haku], put on a hat [kaburu],” right? Well then, what expressions do we use for things such as wristwatches, rings, necklaces, and gloves? And, is the expression with an opposite meaning “to take off [nugu]?”

Brown
A. Japanese has a variety of expressions that you need to remember, so it’s difficult, right? But for things such as wristwatches, rings, necklaces, and gloves, you can use the word “to do [suru]!” It’s okay if you say “put on a wristwatch [suru],” “put on a ring [suru],” “put on a necklace [suru],” or “put on gloves [suru].” And, I’ve heard it’s also okay to say “tsukeru” (put on a wristwatch [tsukeru]/put on a ring [tsukeru]/put on a necklace [tsukeru]/put on gloves [tsukeru]). I heard there are also other expressions but I think it’s fine if you use either of these first.
The opposite meaning is not “to take off [nugu].” “Take off a wristwatch [nugu]” is incorrect. Use “toru” and say it like “take off a wristwatch [toru]” and “take off a ring [toru].” And, the expression “hazusu” is also used (take off a wristwatch [hazusu]/take off a ring [hazusu]/take off a necklace [hazusu]/take off gloves [hazusu]). Both are frequently used ways of saying it, so I think it’s best to remember them in advance.
You have to be a bit careful about glasses and hats. First, for glasses, other than “put on glasses [suru],” “put on glasses [kakeru]” is also frequently used. The opposites are “toru” and “hazusu.” And, it’s okay to say “take off a hat [toru]” meaning “take off a hat [nugu],” but it seems you don’t say “take off a hat [hazusu].”
There are a lot and it’s difficult, but let’s do our best!

A. Choose the applicable word for 1~8 in the table from a~h. There are also words that will be used twice.

a. to put on (a hat)
b. to put on (lower half of body)
c. to put on (glasses)
d. to take off (clothes, hats)
e. to take off (hats, accessories)
f. to put on (accessories)
g. to take off (accessories)
h. to put on (rings, necklaces, wristwatches)

(in table [descending]: hat, dress shirt, t shirt, coat, skirt, pants, shoes, slippers, socks, glasses, sunglasses, necklace, wristwatch, ring, kiru – to put on upper half of body)

B. The below 1~7 are explanations of the applicable items in the table of Task A. Answer the names of each.

This is an item worn on the neck. I sometimes put it on when I go to parties.
This is an item worn on the finger. I want a diamond one of these.
This is an item worn on the wrist. However, there are times when I don’t put it on and go out because I know the time with my cell phone.
This is an item worn on the head. On hot summer days when I go outside, I usually put this on and leave.
It is a custom that you take off these when entering a home in Japan.
Summer is hot, so I like shoes that I can wear without putting on these.
My eyes are bad, so if I don’t wear these, then I won’t be able to read things such as newspapers and magazines.

[p.83] 1-3

There are mistakes in the conversations below in 1~5. Fix them like the example to the correct expression.
(e.g., In Japan, you usually ~~take off [toru]~~ your shoes. > take off [nugu]

Yi: Your shoulders are broad, so I think this jacket will suit you well, you know? How about trying it on?
Wang: Sure, then I’ll try it on.
Yi: Class begins soon, you know? Won’t you take off your sunglasses?
Yang: Yes. Actually, my eyes today have been dark red since the morning, so I don’t want to take them off.
Wang: Isn’t this yellow skirt nice?
Yi: Yes, I also think it’s cute and tried it on, but my knees regrettably show, so I want one that’s a bit longer.
Wang: Do you like necklaces?
Yi: Yes, if it’s a light one. Because if I wear a heavy one, then my neck starts to hurt and my shoulders ache, among other things.
Wang: High heels today? That’s rare, huh?
Yi: Yes. My toes regrettably begin to hurt if I wear them for long so I don’t really wear them, but I wanted to try them on because I received them from my sister.

[p.83] 1-4

Ask a classmate the below questions about the conversations from Exercise 1-3.

Why did Yi-san think the jacket suits Wang-san?
Why is Wang-san wearing sunglasses even though class is going to begin soon?
What does Yi-san think of the yellow skirt?
What kind of necklaces does Yi-san like? Why?
What kinds of times do Yi-san’s toes begin to regrettably hurt?

[p.84] 2-1

If there are any body expressions that we studied back in Exercise 1-1 (p. 80) in the below a~j, let’s try circling them like the example. After that, choose the words that express the pictures in 1~10 from a~j.

e.g.,) ring

a. collar
b. glove(s)
c. earmuffs
d. wrist
e. ankle
f. eyedrops
g. nasal mucus
h. nose bleed
i. face color
j. shoulder stiffness

[p.85] 2-2

Choose the applicable items for the brackets in the below conversations from a~j in Exercise 2-1.

Yi: Your ( ) looks bad but are you alright?
Yang: Yesterday night was chilly so it seems I’ve regrettably caught a bit of a cold. ( ) has been coming out since the morning and won’t stop.
Yang: What are you headed to buy?
Yi: A ( ) for my pet dog. It’s getting old and dirty, so I’d like to replace it with a new one.
Yi: Hey, want to go for a jog?
Yang: Sorry, today seems impossible. I regrettably ran too much yesterday and my ( ) hurts a bit.
Yang: Ah, I need to buy this.
Yi: What? ( )?
Yang: Yes, it’s because there are many times when I use computers for long periods recently.
Yi: It’s cold, huh? I didn’t think it would get this cold today.
Wang: Yes, me neither. I didn’t bring ( ) and ( ), so my hands and ears are getting cold…
Yi: Did you have a ( )?
Wang: Yes, I was playing soccer but the ball regrettably hit me in the face…

[pp.85-87] 2-3

Dubois-san made a quiz that used words for body parts in her Japanese class presentation. Let’s try answering her quiz.

Semester End Project [Quiz Using Words for Body Parts]]

Q1. Finger Names
Which finger names do you think are below a~e? Think while reading the hints and write numbers 1~5 in the parentheses.

(a) ( ) middle finger hint: the middle finger
(b) ( ) pinky hint: the smallest finger
(c) ( ) thumb hint: the finger large like your parents [existence]
(d) ( ) pointer finger hint: the finger used when pointing at people
(e) ( ) ring finger hint: the finger used when dissolving medicine in water

Q2. Idiomatic Expressions
1~5 are idiomatic expressions that use words for body parts. Read each explanation and choose the sentence which uses that expression correctly from a~c.

1. [eagerly waiting; lit., elongating my neck and waiting]
This expression means “waiting while looking forward to something to the extent that your neck grows longer.” You don’t use this expression at times when waiting for things you dislike.

a. My closest friend is coming to Japan to hangout soon (lit., coming to play). I am eagerly waiting.
b. Next week there’s an exam that I strongly dislike. I’m eagerly waiting for it.
c. My shoulders are sore and my neck also hurts. That’s why I’m eagerly waiting.

2. [my head is going to burst; lit., my head is punctured]
“Panku” is a katakana word derived from the English word “puncture,” and you use it like “my tire was regrettably punctured” at times when a hole opens up on your tire and air is coming out. You use the phrase “my head is going to burst” with the meaning of “there’s too much information and too many things I need to think about.”

a. This street is too bad. My car’s head seems like it will burst.
b. There’s too many things I need to remember. It seems my head is going to burst.
c. We can’t use that car, you know? The head is bursting.

3. [my legs are stiff; lit., legs are like sticks]
“Bō” are hard and long things, so this phrase means “my legs are so tired to the extent that they’re hard like sticks and won’t move.

a. Tanaka-san’s legs are stiff so he is truly good at soccer.
b. My dog is very fast at running. Their legs are stiff.
c. Today I walked all day long, so my legs are stiff. I can’t walk anymore.

4. [need a helping hand; lit., also want to borrow a cat’s paw]
You use this expression at times when “it’s very busy and you want anyone, no matter who, to help you.” “Borrowing a hand” means “receiving help” and therefore, becomes a meaning of “wanting to get help from even a cat.”

a. My cat’s stomach is empty. I need a helping hand.
b. There are many things that I need to do today and it’s tough. I need a helping hand.
c. There is a dog in the neighbor’s house, but I heard the child loves cats and was saying they want to adopt one. I heard they need a helping hand.

5. [in the long run/big picture; lit., look with long eyes]
This expression means “even though there aren’t good results today, you’ll take your time and watch over that person’s future.” “Long eyes” refer to a “long time,” and “to look” represents the meaning of “watching over.”

a. This class has reading homework of over ten pages every week so please look at the big picture.
b. That player practices very diligently with all their might so they’ll certainly become skilled. Today’s match wasn’t very good but let’s look at the big picture.
c. This is a two and a half hour long movie but I think it’s certainly interesting. I plan to look at the big picture.

[p.88] 3-1

If there are any words related to body parts that we’ve studied up until now inside the below sentences in 1~6, circle them all. After that, choose the picture which fits each sentence from a~f and write it in the parentheses.

( ) My nose is itchy and my nasal mucus won’t stop. It might be allergies.
( ) I have a fever of over 38 degrees today. My head also hurts, among other things, so I can’t do anything.
( ) I regrettably injured my knee. It doesn’t seem like I’ll be able to play in the next match.
( ) I’m coughing too much, and my throat and chest hurt. It’s truly painful.
( ) I regrettably fractured my right hand’s wrist. Not being able to use my right hand is really inconvenient.
( ) I was jogging at night and regrettably sprained my ankle. It’s because the road wasn’t very visible.

[pp.88-91] 3-2

The below 1~4 are emails to the class teacher that foreign exchange students who are taking a Japanese class sent. Read the emails and answer the questions.

1. Yi-san
Subject: I Regrettably Caught a Cold
Dear Ueda-sensei,
Good morning. It’s Yi from your Japanese 2 class.
Yesterday night my head began to hurt and I took medicine then went to bed, but it still hasn’t gotten better even though it’s become the next morning, so I will be absent today.
I truly appreciate your understanding.
Yi

2. Brown-san
Subject: I May Be a Bit Late Today
Dear Ueda-sensei,
Good morning. It’s Brown from your Japanese 2 class.
Actually, I was playing soccer before my first class and regrettably sprained my ankle. After I return to my room and take some painkillers, I’m thinking I’ll go to class. I plan on coming as soon as possible but I may be a bit late.
I’m sorry (lit., there is no excuse).
Brown

3. Dubois-san
Subject: Tomorrow’s Presentation
Dear Ueda-sensei,
Sorry about the late time. It’s Dubois from your Japanese 2 class.
My throat has been hurting today since the morning, but a cough also began in the afternoon. I also have a fever, so it appears I regrettably caught a cold.
Actually, tomorrow’s presentation is expected to be mine but if I’m not able to go to class, may I do it after my cold gets better?
I’m sorry (lit., there is no excuse)
Dubois

4. Johnson-san
Subject: I Apologize for Today
Dear Ueda-sensei,
Excuse the late night. It’s Johnson from your Japanese 2 class.
I apologize for regrettably missing class today.
Actually, I unfortunately fell off my bike on the way to school.
My Japanese friend took me to the hospital by car and I’ve now returned to my room.
I’m sorry for sending an email late.
I think I can make it to tomorrow’s class.
I truly appreciate your understanding.
Johnson

A. Ueda-sensei replied to the above emails in 1~4. The below 1~4 are pieces of those reply emails. Think of who each email sent to is for and write the foreign exchange student’s name in the parentheses.

( )… Thank you for your email. It’s not good if you run when you’re in pain, so please don’t rush.
( )… Please don’t worry about class things. Let’s talk about when to do it when your sickness is better and once you’re able to go out to class.
( )… That was difficult, wasn’t it? I was worried because you didn’t come to class. Please be sure to rest thoroughly today.
( )… Alright, got it. Please rest thoroughly today so that you can come to class tomorrow.

B. The students who emailed Ueda-sensei have become able to go to class. They are now talking with Wang-san in the classroom. Think about who Wang-san is talking with and write the foreign exchange student’s name in the parentheses.

( )
Wang: Good morning.
Exchange student: Good morning.
Wang: You didn’t come to class yesterday, right? What happened?
Exchange student: I was in the hospital, so…
Wang: Huh, the hospital?
( )
Wang: You were late, huh? Did you oversleep?
Exchange student: No, not at all!
( )
Wang: You had to take an absence for [as many as] three days, it was tough, huh?
Exchange student: Yes, two nights ago my fever regrettably went up to roughly 38 degrees… But it’s fine already.
Wang: You’re still coughing a bit, huh?
Exchange student: Yes, but it’s much better than two nights ago, you know?
( )
Wang: I heard you caught a cold?
Exchange student: Yes.
Wang: How about a fever?
Exchange student: No, that was fine.

[pp.91-92] 3-3

Have you ever been late to or absent from class with reasons like the below 1~13? Circle the ones that you’ve experienced. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

absent from class | late to class

became sick
caught a cold
fever arose
injured
sprained
fractured a bone
overslept
forgot there was class
hanging out with friends (lit., playing)
didn’t want to go to class
car or bicycle, among other things broke
bus or train, among other things was late
using the internet or video games, among other things

A. Let’s ask a classmate about the kinds of experiences they have while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: Have you ever overslept and been late to class?
B: Yes, I have. I was doing homework for another class the day before and wasn’t able to sleep until the morning.
A: That was tough, huh?
B: Once I had awoken, it was ten minutes before the start of class, so I was running but was regrettably a bit late.

B. Think of experiences such as being late to or absent from class and write an email contacting your teacher using Exercise 3-2 as a reference.

C. Present the things you wrote in Task B.

Topic 6

[p.94] 1-1

Choose items from a~e that the below 1~5 are representing. Refer to the figure below when you’re unsure.

a. [one’s own] grandmother/grandmother
b. [one’s own] grandfather/grandfather
c. cousin
d. [one’s own] uncle/uncle
e. [one’s own] aunt/aunt

( ) your father and mother’s older and younger sisters
( ) your father and mother’s older and younger brothers
( ) your father and mother’s mother
( ) your father and mother’s father
( ) your father and mother’s sister and brother’s children

(in figure) [left to right, down]: grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, aunt/uncle, mother, father, aunt/uncle, cousin(s), relative(s), younger sister, younger brother, me;myself, older sister, older brother, relative(s), cousins(s)

[pp.94-95] 1-2

1~23 on the right page are various occupations and their types. If there are items that apply to 1~3, write the number of it in the parentheses. In the event there are none that apply [from 1~23], write your own answer in “other.” After that, let’s ask a classmate about things such as occupations that they’d like to try in the future and ones that they’re interested in.

currently doing
( other: )
want to try/become if able to in the future
( other: )
have interest but think you yourself, wouldn’t be able to do/become
( other: )

teacher
police officer
politician
professional sports player
lawyer
singer
actor
company president
company employee
artist
public sector official
store owner
doctor
nurse
cook/chef
full-time stay at home wife/husband
agriculture/farmer
fishing industry/fisher
service industry
programmer
patissier/patissière
professional gamer
YouTuber

Model Conversation
A: Are there any occupations that you’re interested in but don’t think you’d be able to become?
B: Yes, a pro golfer. I’ve been learning golf since I was a child and I like it, but wouldn’t be able to become a professional.
A: Why do you think that?
B: Because my score is worse than my 12 year old younger brother…

[pp.95-97] 1-3

Foreign exchange students wrote sentences about people familiar to them. Read the sentences of 1~5 and answer the questions.

Yi-san (My Family is a Large Family)
My family is a large family. There is my grandfather, grandmother, parents, then my older brother and sister, and my younger brother and sister. My father is a public sector employee and is employed at city hall. My mother is a nurse and is employed at the hospital near our house. As for my older brother and sister, they study at graduate school. My younger brother is a high school student and my younger sister is a middle school student. I’m currently in Japan but everyone in my family besides myself lives together and it’s very lively.
Wang-san (My Uncle is a School Teacher)
My uncle is a middle school teacher. His classes are interesting and easy to understand, so I heard his class is popular amongst the student body. When I too was a child, my uncle sometimes taught me studies and his explanations were very easy to understand, so I remember thinking “I wish my uncle could be my teacher (lit., even though it’d be good if my uncle was my teacher…).” I think the students who get their studies taught to them from my uncle are happy.
Johnson-san (My Grandfather was a Police Officer)
My grandfather worked as a police officer when he was young. He was saying “Even though there were a lot of difficult and dangerous things, he had a good boss and was also close with his coworkers, so going to the workplace everyday was fun.” But, since it’s a dangerous job, I heard my grandmother was worried every day. She was saying it was scary to see news related to incidents and accidents on the television.
Brown-san (My Aunt is a Company President)
My aunt is the president of a trade company. The competition of the world of international trade is intense so her work truly seems difficult. Every day, she’s at the company until late at night. But, my aunt is very rich because she’s a company president. She lives alone in a spectacular two story house with a big garden. When I was a child, I loved going to my aunt’s house to play.
Dubois-san (My Best Friend is Studying Abroad in Spain)
My friend named Louise is currently studying abroad in Spain, studying Spanish and medical science. Louise’s dream is to become a doctor who can speak English and Spanish, and help many people. There is a time difference so we haven’t been able to speak much recently, but this friend is my number one best friend.

A. Find those who apply to the below 1~5 from the previous sentences in 1~5 and write the answer in the parentheses.

e.g., People studying at graduate school (Yi-san’s older brother and sister)

person working at a school ( )
person working at a hospital ( )
person working at city hall ( )
person working at a company ( )
person who worked for the police ( )

B. Answer the questions about sentences 1~5.

Who do Yi-san’s parents currently live together with?
Who and why does Wang-san think is happy?
What did Johnson-san’s grandfather think of his own job? What did his grandmother think of his grandfather’s job?
Why does Brown-san think his aunt’s job is difficult?
What kinds of things would Dubois-san’s friend like to do in the future?

[p.97] 1-4

Reference the sentences from Exercise 1-3 and write sentences about people familiar to you. After that, let’s ask a classmate in as much detail as possible about what kind of person they wrote.

[p.97] 1-5

What kind of job would you like to try doing in the future? Write in detail about things such as a description of it and why you want to do that job.

[p.98] 2-1

Choose the words that represent the below 1~8 from a~h and write them in the parentheses.

a. gate
b. entryway
c. hallway
d. ceiling
e. door
f. tree
g. wall
h. shoe box

[pp.98-100] 2-2

Brown-san presented in class about his aunt. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

The Person I Respect
I’d like to do a presentation about my aunt who I respect. This aunt is my mother’s older sister. She is scary when she gets angry, but is gentle to everyone and is a very nice person. She is the president of a trade company and lives alone in a spectacular house with a big garden. When you enter inside the gate, there are many various trees in the garden, and beautiful flowers bloom once it becomes spring. When I was a child, I often went to my aunt’s house on the weekend and played in the garden.
The place that I liked most inside my aunt’s house was the entryway and hallway. The ceiling of the entryway is tall and there’s a spectacular chandelier. Then from there, a long hallway extends straight out and there are various pictures and paintings, among other things decorated on the wall. I loved the picture of a small bird that had been decoratively hung. As for that picture, my aunt was saying she herself photographed a bird that came to play in her garden.
My aunt’s hobby is reading books. In one of the rooms on the second floor, there are bookshelves standing and many various books lining the inside. I think there are maybe over 1,000 books. About half of them are foreign language books such as French and German, among others. When I was a child, I wanted to be smart and be able to do a job like my aunt.
My aunt has still never come to Japan before. But, she’s saying she’d like to try coming while I’m in Japan. If she comes, I’d like to take her to places such as shrines, temples, and museums I like, and show her around the cities I enjoy. I would like to study more various things about Japan in preparation so that I can give a good tour at that time (lit., skillfully show around).

A. Write a circle for the true sentences and an “x” for the untrue sentences.

( ) Brown-san presented about his mother’s older sister.
( ) There is a spectacular garden with many trees at Brown-san’s aunt’s home.
( ) When Brown-san was a child, he liked playing in his aunt’s home garden.
( ) In the entryway of Brown-san’s aunt’s home, there is a picture of a small bird decoratively placed.
( ) The picture of the small bird that Brown-san liked is a photograph that his aunt had taken.
( ) Brown-san’s aunt has over 1,000 foreign language books.
( ) When Brown-san was a child, he thought his aunt was smart.
( ) Brown-san’s aunt has lived in Japan before.
( ) Brown-san is thinking of showing his aunt around places that he likes if she comes to Japan.
( ) Brown wants his aunt to learn various things about Japan in preparation for when she comes.

B. Ask a classmate the next questions. In the event there is a person like the below, let’s ask about them in detail.

Of your family, relatives, and friends, is there a person who lives in a spectacular house like Brown-san’s aunt?
Of your family, relatives, and friends, are there people who you think are smart or those who you think can do their job well like Brown-san’s aunt?
Of your family, relatives, and friends, is there a person like Brown-san’s aunt who works at a company?
Of your family, relatives, and friends, is there a person like Brown-san’s aunt whose hobby is reading books?
Of your family, relatives, and friends, is there a person like Brown-san’s aunt who can use foreign languages?

[p.100] 2-3

Reference Brown-san’s presentation from Exercise 2-2 and write about people such as your family, relatives, and friends. Put in information on things such as the places they live and their hobbies, and write in detail as much as possible.

[p.100] 2-4

Present the things you wrote in Exercise 2-3.

[p.101] 3-1

Choose the words that represent 1~11 in the diagram from a~l and write them in the parentheses.

a. twin(s)
b. wife
c. husband
d. son
e. daughter
f. firstborn/eldest daughter
g. second daughter
h. third daughter
i. firstborn/eldest son
j. second son
k. third son
l. youngest child

(in diagram, second row, left to right: 10 years old, 13 years old, 15 years old & born on June 21st, 15 years old & born on June 21st, 17 years old, 19 years old)

[pp.101-102] 3-2

Choose the items that apply to the parentheses in the below conversations from a~l in Exercise 3-1.

A: Hey, do you have siblings?
B: Yes, I have two older brothers and an older sister.
A: So then, are you the ( )?
B: Yes, that’s right.
A: Hey, I heard you are a ( ) but is that true?
B: Yes, you didn’t know? Our faces are the same so if we’re together, I think you wouldn’t know which one is me.
(Yi-san: woman, Tanaka-san: man)
A: Yi-san was saying she has a lot of siblings but do you know whether or not she is the ( )?
B: I don’t think so because she was saying she had an older sister.
A: I see.
B: Since she was saying she had one older sister, I think she is the ( ). But, why are you asking that sort of thing?
A: I have to interview an eldest son or daughter for my homework, so I’m searching for someone.
B: Wow, that’s interesting homework, right? I’ve heard Tanaka-san talk about his younger brother before, so he might be ( ), you know? Why don’t you try asking?

[pp.102-104] 3-3

Brown-san responded to a question written on a Japanese Q&A website. Read his response and answer the questions.

Shawn
Q. Words that Represent Your Own and Other People’s Family
In Japanese, there are words that you can only use for your own family, such as “okaa-san > haha” and “onii-san > ani,” right? Besides “chichi, haha, ani, ane, otōto, and imōto, are there any expressions that I should know the usages of in advance? I truly appreciate your assistance!

Brown
A. I think the below four are also words that can be used in the same way. They are words often used, so I think it’s best if you remember them ahead of time.

one’s own daughter (musume), one’s own son (musuko), wife (tsuma), husband (otto)

These four are all fundamentally used just for your own family. For example, when talking about your own family, you can say it like, “My son (musuko) is a second-year middle school student.” and “My wife (tsuma) works at a university.” But it cannot be said like this for other people‘s families. For example, when asking questions about the family of the person you are talking to, it would be wrong if you said, “Has your daughter (musume) already graduated high school?” and “Does your husband (otto) play golf?”

musume > musume-san, musuko > musuko-san

In the cases of other people’s families, it’s okay if you attach “~san” for their daughters and their sons. For example, when asking questions about the family of the person you are talking to, it’s alright if you say, “Has your daughter (musume-san) already graduated high school?” and “Is your son (musuko-san) studying abroad?” It’s the same as “imōto > imōto-san” and “otōto > otōto-san,” right?

my wife (tsuma) > your wife (oku-san) ?, my husband (otto) > your husband (goshujin) ?

Wife and husband are a bit more complicated. In Japanese class before, I was taught that other people‘s wives are “oku-san” and other people‘s husbands are “goshujin.” For example, I learned sentences like below.

Does your husband (goshujin) play golf?
Is your wife (oku-san) a school teacher?

I don’t think these sentences even now are incorrect. But “goshujin” also has a meaning of master in it, so recently, to avoid the nuance of “your master,” I heard those who avoid using “goshujin” are increasing. Also, there is the same kind of problem in “oku-san.” This is because “oku’s” meaning is “back (of the house/room, etc.). One of my Japanese friends was saying that they feel a “mother is the person in the back of the house” kind of nuance, so they make sure to avoid it as much as possible.
The difficulty is that there are no expressions that are good to use in substitution for “goshujin” and “oku-san.” It’s alright if you’re able to say “otto-san” and “tsuma-san,” but I had been told by my Japanese friend it would be odd. That’s why at necessary times even now, I use “goshujin” and “oku-san.” But I try to avoid it as much as possible, and when I can use their name, I make sure to say it like that (e.g., name-san).

A. Circle the words that you use for your own family.

{musume, musume-san}
{oku-san, tsuma}
{otto, goshūjin}
{musuko-san, musuko}

B. Answer the questions about Brown-san’s response.

What is the reason why those who avoid using the expression “goshujin” are increasing?
What is the reason why Brown-san’s friend makes sure to avoid the phrase “oku-san?”

C. Two people are talking about family. Look for the incorrect expressions and fix them correctly.

A: Is your daughter a middle school student now?
B: No, my son is still a middle school student, but my daughter has now become a high schooler.
A: Your son is a youth baseball player, isn’t that right? I have two tickets to tonight’s pro-baseball match, but would you want to go together with your son?
B: Wow, really? But, are you sure it’s okay?
A: Yes, my daughter likes baseball, so I thought we’d go together and I bought them but she regrettably caught a cold…
A: Is that a present for someone?
B: Yes, today is my wife’s birthday.
A: Ah, is that so? Your wife will probably be happy, right?
A: Are your kids on summer vacation now?
B: Yes, my son is out staying with my husband together at his (my husband’s) parent’s house.
A: Is that so? It’s also like summer vacation for your husband, right?

[p.104] 3-4

Choose an expression you avoid using or an one that is often avoided in society.

A. Explain the expression’s meaning and the reason why you avoid it/why it’s being avoided. Let’s reference Brown-san’s response in Exercise 3-3.

B. Ask about things that classmates had written in Task A. Let’s also state our own thoughts and opinions.

C. Present the things you wrote in Task A.

Topic 7

[p.106] 1-1

Refer to the words in the picture and choose the correct one in the brackets for 1~6.

(in picture: to stir fry, to steam, to simmer, to deep fry, to boil, to grill/toast, [rice]bowl & chopsticks, fork & knife, fruit(s), [uncooked] rice)

A: Are you going to make a sandwich? Is there anything I can help with?
B: Okay, can you [toast・saute] the bread and spread the butter for me? And then boil an egg in preparation.
A: I made tempura for the first time yesterday but I wasn’t able to [simmer・fry] it well.
B: Tempura is difficult, isn’t it? I’ve also tried making it before but recently, I buy it at the store.
A: Are you doing anything for your health?
B: Yes, I make it a rule to eat as much [fruit・candy] as possible every day.
A: Which do you eat more often, bread or rice?
B: I like [bread・rice], so it’s rice. I also eat it in the morning, at least [two plates・two bowls] in the evening, and sometimes even more.
A: What should I set out in advance on the table?
B: Today will be steak so we don’t need [chopsticks・plates] but set out forks and knives in advance.
A: What [fruit・vegetable] do you like the most of them all?
B: I like apples.

[pp.107-108] 1-2

Brown-san responded to a question written on a Japanese Q&A website. Read his response and answer the questions.

Shawn
Q. What Do You Call Fish That Isn’t Cooked?
In today’s Japanese class I studied words used for cooking, such as “yaku” and “niru,” and practiced sentences using expressions like “grilled fish” and “simmered fish” (e.g., “I eat grilled fish often” and “I like simmered fish”). But in Japan, people also eat fish that isn’t cooked, such as sashimi, right? In this case, what kind of word do you use? For example, when I want to say, “I like grilled fish and simmered fish, among other things, but I don’t really like fish that isn’t cooked,” how do I say it? Please teach me, thank you!

Brown
A. When you want to say “[something] isn’t cooked,” you can use the phrase “nama.” In this case, it’s okay if you say “I don’t really like raw fish (nama no sakana).” It’s used the same way for things such as meat, vegetables, and eggs.

e.g.,
I’ve never eaten raw meat.
I make it a rule to eat raw vegetables every day for my health.
I hadn’t ever eaten raw eggs before until coming to Japan”

And then, you also use it in the form “nama de” like the below.

I usually eat fresh vegetables as they are.
This egg is a bit old so it’d be best if you don’t eat it as is/raw.

Also, there are often times when people say “nama sakana,” “nama niku,” “nama yasai,” and “nama tamago” without use of “no” when using this expression. It is more natural to not add “no” when using it as a food name, especially.

e.g.,
These raw eggs are 3 for 200 yen.
There is a fresh vegetable salad bar at this restaurant, so I often go when I want to eat a lot of vegetables.

Lastly, (unrelated to Shawn-san’s question, but) “grilled fish” and “simmered fish” are often called “yaki zakana” and “ni zakana.” It is a form that resembles “taberu > tabemono” and “”kau > kaimono.” The next kinds of expressions are also used frequently using the same form so I think it would be convenient if you remember them in advance.

e.g.,

Yude tamago: boiled eggs. There are often times when “yude” is written in hiragana.
Age mono: foods deep fried in fat/oil. Things such as tempura, potato fries, chicken karaage, and tonkatsu are famous.
Itame mono: cuisine made by stir frying. The representative dish is vegetable stir fry.
Ni mono: dishes made by simmering. Simmered beans and simmered fish are representative.
Yaki gyoza, age gyoza, mushi gyoza: grilled dumplings, deep fried dumplings, and steamed dumplings.

Change the below underlined parts of 1~5 to a different way of speaking and write it in the parentheses.

A: There’s a lot of menus, right? This simmered fish ( ) looks delicious.
B: Yes. But as for this restaurant, the grilled fish ( ) is delicious.
A: What kind of foods do you like?
B: I like deep fried foods ( ).
A: Well then do you often eat them at home, too?
B: No, my mother doesn’t really make it for me much… She said it’s because it’s not good for my health. She seems to think raw vegetables are the best for one’s health.
A: Have you ever eaten meat without cooking it ( )?
B: Yes, I have. It’s because there is a store near my house where you can eat raw meat.
A: How do you like eating eggs?
B: I like boiled eggs ( ). But if they’re fresh eggs, I also like eating them without cooking ( ).
A: Isn’t that so? Fresh eggs that haven’t been cooked ( ) are delicious, right?
A: What kind of dishes do you often make?
B: My favorite is simmered dishes ( ), but it takes time so… the dishes I make most often are stir fried vegetables and meat ( ), among other things.

[pp.109-110] 1-3

Do you often eat meat, fish, vegetables, and eggs in ways such as 1~7? Circle the ingredient(s) that apply to columns a~d. After that, let’s do Tasks A-C.

(illustrations, left to right: meat, fish, vegetable(s), eggs(s))

(a) often eat
(b) sometimes eat
(c) don’t really eat often
(d) almost never/never eat

raw; fresh
grilled
stir fried
steamed
simmered
boiled
deep fried

Task A: Let’s ask a classmate what and how they do or don’t eat while looking at the table above.

Model Conversation
A: Do you eat meat?
B: Yes, I like eating it grilled but also do things like eat it stir fried with vegetables.
A: Have you ever eaten raw meat?
B: Yes, I have. I ate raw meat sushi at a sushi restaurant. It was delicious, you know.

Task B: Explain the way in which you eat the foods you chose as [a. often eat] in the table.

e.g.,
I like sashimi, so I always eat fresh fish that can be eaten as sashimi, raw.
As for vegetables, I often do things such as eat them stir fried with carrots, peppers, and onions, among other things, and eat boiled broccoli. I also like steamed cabbage.

Task C: Present the things you wrote in Task B.

[p.111] 2-1

Refer to the words in the picture and choose the correct option in the parentheses of 1~5.

(in picture, left to right: sugar – sweet, salt – salty/spicy, soy sauce, vinegar – sour, bitter)

A: The black tea isn’t too sweet, is it? I may have added too much [sugar, salt]
B: No, it’s okay. It’s delicious.
A: I want to eat something [sweet, spicy/salty]…
B: Me too! It seems a new cake shop opened nearby, do you want to try going?
A: This soup seems a bit salty.
B: Is that so? Well then, it will be better to add a little more [water, salt], right?
A: I heard eating sashimi with salt is also delicious but have you ever eaten it before?
B: Ah, I’ve heard that salt suits it well depending on the fish, but as for me, as many normally do, I like it with [sugar, soy sauce].
A: This is [bitter, sour]!
B: Huh, did I put in too much vinegar?

[pp.112-113] 2-2

Brown-san responded to a question written on a Japanese Q&A website. Read his response and answer the questions.

Laura
Q. The Usages of “Karai”
I have a question about the word “karai.” There is the meaning of spicy and a meaning of salty in “karai,” right? Isn’t this a little bit inconvenient? For example, my father loves spicy foods. But, he dislikes salty foods. If I explain this using “karai,” it regrettably turns into “my father loves spicy (karai) food. But he dislikes salty (karai) food.” and the meaning isn’t understood in this way of saying. How is it best to say? I appreciate your time!

Brown
A. I also love spicy foods! When needing to distinguish the usages of salty “karai” and spicy “karai,” you can use the expressions “shio karai” and “shoppai” for salty.

e.g.,
My father loves spicy (karai) foods. But, he dislikes salty (shio karai) foods.
My father loves spicy (karai) foods. But, he dislikes salty (shoppai) foods.

There is one thing you must pay attention to regarding “shoppai.” That is, I heard “shoppai” is a dialect word. I use both “shio karai” and “shoppai” the same way, and my Japanese friends also say everyone uses them naturally. But there may also be places that don’t say it like this, so please be careful. Let’s be sure to say “shio karai” when we go to places where they don’t use “shoppai.”
If you meet a person who doesn’t use “shoppai,” please let me know where they were from (lit., where was the hometown of the person)!

A. Regarding the father of Laura, the one who wrote this question, and Brown-san, the one who responded, write a circle for the items that each person likes, an x for the items they dislike, and a question mark for the items that aren’t written.

(in table: spicy things, salty things, Laura’s father, Brown-san)

B. Answer the questions.

At what kinds of times does Laura-san say the word “karai” is inconvenient?
What kinds of things does Brown-san say you must be careful of when using the word “shoppai?”
Do Brown-san’s Japanese friends use the word “shio karai?” How about “shoppai?”
What did Brown-san request Laura-san do?

C. Ask a classmate questions 1~5. Let’s ask in as much detail as possible.

Do you like sweet things?
Do you like spicy things?
Do you like sour things?
What is your favorite food?
Do you often cook by yourself? Why is that?

Model Conversation
A: Do you like sweet things?
B: Yes, I love them. I often bake and eat cakes & cookies.
A: Eh, you bake them yourself?
B: Yes. Everyone in my family loves sweet things and when my siblings and I were smaller, everyone often made sweets and ate them.
A: Wow, it sounds fun, right?
B: Even now when everyone is gathered we make them together.

[pp.114-115] 2-3

Foreign exchange students wrote things about food that they felt were interesting and experiences that surprised them into a composition. Read the essays and answer the questions.

Yi-san [The Sa, Shi, Su, Se, So of Cuisine]
I recently heard an interesting phrase called “The Sa, Shi, Su, Se, So of Cuisine” from my Japanese friend. I heard “sa, shi, su, se, so” stands for “[sa] in satou (sugar), [shi] in shio (salt), [su] as in su (vinegar), [se] in seuyu > shōyu (soy sauce), and [so] in miso (fermented soybean), respectively. So then if you add seasoning in this order, I heard you can deliciously make things such as simmered foods. I love simmered fish, and as for when I make it, recently I make sure to always add seasonings in this order.
Wang-san [Japan vs. China: The Ways of Eating Dumplings]
I think the different ways of eating dumplings are interesting. In Japan, it seems people often eat “yaki gyoza,” grilled dumplings. I too, would often order ramen with grilled dumplings when I went to ramen restaurants in Japan. But when I’m in China, I usually eat them boiled. I heard this way of eating them is called “sui gyoza” in Japan. And sometimes, there are also times when I eat them steamed. Until I came to Japan, I had never eaten grilled dumplings. Therefore, when I came to Japan for the first time, I was surprised to know that grilled dumplings are more common than ones such as boiled and steamed ones.
Johnson-san [Are Raw Shiitake Okay?]
I have an experience that surprised my Japanese friends regarding the way to eat shiitake. When I had a nabe party with my friends, I ate the shiitake that had been placed on my plate raw. In America, I eat mushrooms raw so I thought it’d be okay to also eat shiitake raw. But, I was told by my friends, “that’s no good, don’t do that!” Even though there’s very thick and delicious shiitake in Japan, I think it’s a shame you cannot eat them raw.

A. When using seasonings, in what kind of order is it written they should be added? Arrange them in order by putting a~e in the parentheses.

B. Answer the questions.

What kind of dumplings does Wang-san usually eat in China? Circle the ones that he eats.
[grilled dumplings, boiled dumplings, steamed dumplings, raw dumplings]
What had Johnson-san been told at the nabe party that he must not do?

C. Write a circle for the true sentences and an “x” for the untrue sentences.

( ) Yi-san likes simmered fish called “sa, shi, su, se, so.”
( ) Wang-san eats grilled dumplings in Japan.
( ) In Japan, boiled dumplings are not eaten.
( ) Johnson-san thinks Japanese shiitake are delicious.

[p.115] 2-4

Refer to the foreign exchange student’s essays from Exercise 2-3 and write things about food that you feel are interesting and experiences that have surprised you. After that, let’s ask a classmate in detail about what kinds of things they wrote.

[p.115] 2-5

Present the things you wrote in Exercise 2-4.

[p.116] 3-1

The below 1~41 are dishes and ingredients that people often eat in Japan. Roughly how often do you eat these things? Write the item in the table’s applicable places. After that, let’s ask a classmate about what kinds of foods they eat often and ones they rarely eat.

(in table, left to right, top to bottom: eat almost every day, often eat, sometimes eat, don’t really eat much, almost never eat/not at all, A. dishes, B. fish and such, C. meats, D. fruits and vegetables)

A. dishes:

1. sushi
2. sashimi
3. tempura
4. udon
5. soba
6. nabe ryōri
7. gyoza
8. boiled egg
9. bread
10. steak
11. hamburger
12. pizza
13. spaghetti
14. ramen
15. curry (rice)
16. rice (cooked rice)

[ingredients of dishes]

B. fish and such:

17. tuna
18. salmon
19. mackerel
20. shrimp
21. crab
22. squid
23. octopus

C. meats:

24. beef
25. pork
26. chicken

D. vegetables and fruits:

27. onion
28. carrot
29. cucumber
30. potato
31. cabbage
32. lettuce
33. peppers
34. tomato
35. strawberry
36. apple
37. mandarin orange
38. grapes
39. peach
40. melon
41. banana

[p.117] 3-2

Read the below conversations and choose the correct answer in the brackets.

A: What kinds of vegetables do you often eat?
B: The one that I eat most is [potato, cabbage]. Potato salad, potato fries, and mashed potatoes, among others. And I also do things like add them into miso soup.
A: Do you often eat raw fish?
B: Yes, I like [things such as sushi and sashimi, tempura].
A: Well then, what kinds of fish do you often eat?
B: Hmm, they’re typical but [things such as mandarin oranges and grapes, things such as tuna and salmon] I suppose.
A: I really want to eat noodles today.
B: I see. Well then, how about [pork or chicken, udon or soba]? It’s because I ate [ramen, curry] yesterday.
A: Which do you eat for breakfast, bread or rice?
B: As for breakfast, there are many times when I have only fruit but when I do eat, it’s [bread, rice]. That’s because I like Japanese food more.
A: I also like Japanese food more. What do you usually eat for fruit in the morning?
B: My favorites are [cucumbers, peaches], but they’re expensive so usually [things such as bananas and apples, things such as tomatoes and lettuce].
A: Do you often eat fast food?
B: It doesn’t seem good for my body so I don’t really eat it normally but sometimes, there are times when I begin wanting to eat a McDonalds’ [hamburger, steak].
A: As for tempura, what do you like?
B: Hmm, if it’s seafood, then surely [shrimp, nabe ryōri], and if they’re vegetables, then [squid and octopus, onion and carrot], I suppose.

[p.117] 3-3

Ask a classmate questions 1~6. Let’s ask in as much detail as possible.

What kinds of vegetables do you often eat? How about things such as fish and meat, as well as fruits?
What kinds of food do you eat raw?
Do you like noodles?
Between rice and bread, which do you eat more?
Do you often eat fast food?
Do you like deep fried foods?

[pp.118-119] 3-4

Dubois-san presented in class about foods she likes. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

My Recommended Cafe
I love sweet things. I especially like cake, so much so that I think it’s okay to eat every day. My top recommendation for a cake is one called “Sakura Blizzard” from the cafe called “Sakura.” As for this cake, there is pink-colored fresh cream spread around the sponge cake, and fresh cream, strawberries, and chocolate toppings are piled on top. This pink-colored cream is extremely delicious. It is 550 yen, so it’s not cheap, but if you order cake, a 360 yen coffee becomes 100 yen, so I recommend this cake set, too. When I go to “Sakura,” I often order this.
Other than this cake, there is one more sweet food that I love at “Sakura.” That is the “strawberry croissant sandwich.” This is a food in which strawberries, fresh cream, and red bean paste are sandwiched between a croissant cut in half. The most amazing thing is that the owner makes all the croissants, fresh cream, and red bean paste used in the croissant sandwich at their own shop. The owner was saying “these are all homemade, so it’s definitely a flavor that you can’t eat at other shops.” This croissant sandwich can be carried out, so sometimes I buy this in the morning and eat it for lunch at university. It is 420 yen.
This cafe is in front of the station called “Sakura Machi Eki.” It is a purple-colored store and is open from 7:00AM to 8:00PM. They are closed on Tuesdays. If you exit right out of exit number three of the station and walk for about 30 seconds, it will be on your left. When you’re tired and thinking “I want to eat a sweet and delicious cake,” please try going to “Sakura.”

A: Answer the below questions.

What kind of cake is the cake that Dubois-san likes?
What kind of set is the one called a cake set?
What kind of food is the “strawberry croissant sandwich?”
What does Dubois-san think is amazing about this food?

B: Write a circle for the true sentences and an “x” for false ones.

( ) Dubois-san likes sweet things and eats cake every day.
( ) If you eat a sakura blizzard and drink a coffee at “Sakura,” it is 650 yen.
( ) “Sakura’s” strawberry croissant sandwich is sold at the university, so Dubois-san sometimes eats that at university.
( ) “Sakura” is near the station called Sakura Machi Eki, and you can get there in about 30 seconds by walking from exit number three.
( ) “Sakura” is closed on Tuesdays.

[pp.119-120] 3-5

Among items that you can do things like buy and eat at a store, choose one recommended item and complete the below table. An item that you think you’d like to try to eat is okay, too. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

(in table, top to bottom: name of food, name of menu, what kind of food, price, place where you can buy, place where you can eat, reason for recommendation/why you’d like to eat it)

Task A: Let’s ask in detail about recommended foods that classmates wrote down while looking at the previous page’s table.

Model Conversation
A: What kind of recommended food did you write about?
B: I wrote about the green curry from the Thai restaurant near my house.
A: Thai green curry is very spicy, isn’t it?
B: Yes, I’m not good with spicy things and I don’t really eat them, but this green curry isn’t too spicy.
A: Wow.
B: Therefore, I recommend it to people who can’t really eat spicy food, too.

Task B: Refer to Dubois-san’s presentation from Exercise 3-4 and write in as much detail as possible about the food you chose.

Task C: Present the things you wrote in Task B.

Topic 8

[p.122] 1-1

Choose the words that represent the below 1~6 from a~f and write them in the parentheses.

a. melody
b. lyrics
c. lyric writing
d. composition
e. low pitch sound; bass
f. High pitch sound; treble

(song title: Sakura Sakura)
(lyrics: “sakura, sakura, in the fields, mountains, and villages”)

[pp.122-123] 1-2

Read the below conversations and choose the correct answer inside the brackets.

Yang: You’re good at singing, right? (lit., songs, you’re good at them?)
Yi: Do you think so? I can’t get out high notes very well though, you know.
Yang: No. I think your [low notes, high notes] also come out well.
Yi: You think so? Thanks. But still, I’m not good at it.
Yang: Do you know the difference between “uta” and “kyoku?” They’re similar, right?
Yi: That’s right. But, as for music that’s only instruments, I think you can’t call it “uta.” You can, however, use “kyoku” for any kind of music.
Yang: So then “uta” is music with [a melody, lyrics]?
Yi: Yes. As for music that’s only with instruments, like classical music, even though you can call it [kyoku, uta], I believe you can’t call it [kyoku, uta].
Yi: You can play guitar and piano, among other things, right? Do you also do things such as make songs?
Yang: Yes, I [write lyrics, compose music] as a hobby. I’m still a bit unskilled, so they’re nothing but simple melodies, however.
Yi: Wow, amazing, right? So then, do you also write lyrics on your own?
Yan: I don’t [write lyrics, compose music]. That’s because I’m not good at thinking of lyrics. When I make new songs, I have a friend think of the lyrics for me.
Yi: Huh, you have a friend like that? That seems fun!

[p.123] 1-3

Ask a classmate the below questions about the conversations from Exercise 1-2.

What does Yi-san think she’s not skilled at?
What are the differences in the meanings of “kyoku” and “uta?”
How does Yang-san make new songs? (lit., by what means)

[pp.123-125] 1-4

Johnson-san presented in class about a song he likes. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

The Grandfather Clock (lit., Big Old Clock)
Last year on summer vacation when I was doing a homestay in Japan, I went to karaoke with my host family. At that time, my older sister sang a song called “The Grandfather Clock.” I listened to this song and was very surprised. That’s because this song had the same melody as a song that my American grandfather often sang called “My Grandfather’s Clock.” I didn’t know this song had been translated into Japanese, so when my older sister began singing it in Japanese, I was truly surprised. As for that time, I wasn’t able to understand the lyrics but I recalled my kind grandfather while listening to the melody of the song. So then from that day on, this song became my favorite Japanese song.
This song became famous in Japan in the 1960’s and even now, it seems to have popularity as a song that adults and children can sing together. Also, there is a version sung by a famous singer and this too, is popular. The lyrics are a somewhat sad story about a clock that ran for 100 years and regrettably stopped after the grandfather passed away, but I think the melody is truly beautiful. You all too, may have heard this melody before. The lyrics are here, so if you know the song, please try singing it together!

The Grandfather Clock
A big, tall old clock, my grandfather’s clock
It had always been running for a hundred years, it was his pride
It was a clock that was bought on the morning my grandfather was born
But it no longer works, that clock
It’s been ticking, ticking, ticking for a hundred years without a break
Ticking, ticking, ticking together with my grandfather
That clock no longer works

(“yasumazu ni” = “yasumanaide” without a break)

A: Put a circle for all the true correct answers.

1. Who went to karaoke on summer vacation last year?

a. ( ) Johnson-san
b. ( ) Johnson-san’s host family
c. ( ) Johnson-san’s grandfather

2. What is “The Grandfather Clock?”

a. ( ) The name of the song that Johnson-san sang
b. ( ) The name of the song that Johnson-san’s [host family] older sister sang
c. ( ) The clock that was at Johnson-san’s grandfather’s home
d. ( ) The Japanese version of a song called “My Grandfather’s Clock”

B: When Joshnson-san heard the song called “The Grandfather Clock,” why was he surprised?

C: Write a circle for the true sentences and an “x” for false ones.

( ) Johnson-san’s grandfather was kind.
( ) Johnson-san thought the lyrics were good when his older sister sang “The Grandfather Clock.”
( ) “The Grandfather Clock” is a song that can be sung by children, and became famous in Japan in the 1960’s.
( ) As for “The Grandfather Clock,” the lyrics are fun and beautiful.

[p.125] 1-5

Choose one song that you like and research it in detail as much as possible. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

Task A: Let’s ask in detail about a song that a classmate chose.

Model Conversation
A: What kind of song did you research about?
B: I researched things about the song called “Sakura Sakura.”
A: It’s a famous song that starts with “Sakura, sakura,” right?
B: Yes, it’s the Japanese song that I remembered for the first time, but I didn’t know things such as when it had been created so I tried researching it.

Task B: Refer to Johnson-san’s presentation from Exercise 1-4 and write an essay about the song you chose. Let’s be sure to also write things such as why you chose this song.

Task C: Present the things you wrote in Task B.

[pp.126-127] 2-1

The below 1~13 are words used often in Japanese hit songs. Do you often use these words in your everyday life? Write a circle in the spots that apply for you. After that, let’s ask a classmate things such as what kinds of words they use at what kinds of times.

(in table, top row, left to right: use almost every day, often use, sometimes use, don’t really use it much, almost never/don’t use at all)

now
hand
heart
dream
eye(s)
love
sky
tears
oneself: myself
tomorrow
word(s); language(s)
future
world

Model Conversation
A: Which word do you often use?
B: It is “dream.”
A: Is it a dream that’s seen when sleeping?
B: Yes, I like doing things such as listening to the stories of dreams that my friends and family have and talking about why they had such a dream.

[pp.127-128] 2-2

Yi-san and Yang-san are talking about famous Japanese song lyrics. Read the below conversations and choose the correct answer in the brackets. In the event you don’t know the answer, let’s try looking it up.

Yang: What does “If you’re happy, hit your [hands, words].” mean?
Yi: I think it means “If you feel happy, clap your hands.”
Yi: This song seems somewhat famous but have you heard it before? It starts with “If [dreams, now] came true, I’d want wings,” but…
Yang: It’s the first time I’ve heard it, but they’re beautiful lyrics, right? I suppose it’s a feeling of wanting to be free like a bird that flies in the sky.
Yi: Yes, that’s right. The lyrics continue with “I want to spread my wings, fly, and go to the [sky, myself].”
Yi: You’re often listening to that song recently, right?
Yang: Yes, it’s a somewhat old song, but I like the lyrics of the chorus part, “Don’t give up on your [dream, tears].”
Yi: Do you remember the song Brown-san was singing yesterday?
Yang: Ah, the song that says, no matter how hard it is, if you believe, “[love,hand] will always win in the end!”
Yi: Yes, I thought they were positive lyrics and it was good.
Yang: That’s right, isn’t it? Speaking of positive songs, do you also remember the song Johnson-san was singing? It’s the song that was repeating “There will be a [word, tomorrow]!” in the chorus.
Yi: Ah, I remember! It made me have the feeling that “it’s okay even if today wasn’t good,” and that was also nice.
Yang: It’s a beautiful melodic song, right?
Yi: Yes, but the lyrics are sad, you know. The lyrics of the chorus are “a [tearful, future] request, a last request.”
Yang: It means the last request while crying? It’s truly sad, isn’t it?
Yang: “The only flower in the [world, love]”? Is it the title of a song?
Yi: Yes, when I asked my Japanese friend(s) for songs they like, they said the lyrics of this song are good. They said it’s a song about “because you are you, you don’t need to compare yourself to others.”

[pp.128-129] 2-3

Dubois-san did a presentation in class about a famous Japanese song. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

The Song of the Four Seasons
Well then, I’d like to begin a presentation about the song called “The Song of the Four Seasons (Shiki no Uta).” I had this song taught to me when I was talking about Japan’s four seasons with my family. “The Song of the Four Seasons” is a Japanese song that had been created in the first half of the 1960’s, and the lyrics and composition are by a famous lyricist named “Toyohisa Araki.” This song is also known as Araki’s debut piece. It’s a song that figuratively expresses the personalities of those who love each of the seasons, spring, summer, fall, and winter.
My favorite lyrics in this song are the ones about fall from the third verse.

“A person who loves autumn is one with a deep heart, my darling, who’s like Heine telling a love story.”

These lyrics are singing that those who love autumn are people with deep hearts, like Heine and one’s lover. “Heine” means Henrich Heine, the German poet, and he’s one of the poets I like. I became happy when I heard this song at first because that poet’s name appeared in a Japanese song.
I think this song’s way of expressing “deep-hearted people” is especially wonderful. The one who I think to be a “deep-hearted person” is the kind of person whose heart is warm, they’re kind, and they can understand other people’s feelings. My boyfriend in France being this kind of “deep-hearted” person is also one reason why I like these lyrics of the third verse.
As for “The Song of the Four Seasons,” the tempo is slow and the melody is also simple, so it’s easy to sing. Everyone, let’s try singing together!

The Song of the Four Seasons | Lyrics & Composition by Toyohisa Araki

A person who loves spring is one with a pure heart, my friend, who’s like a violet flower.
A person who loves summer is one with a strong heart, my father, who’s like a wave breaking rocks.
A person who loves autumn is one with a deep heart, my darling, who’s like Heine telling a love story.
A person who loves winter is one with a big heart, my mother, who’s like the ground under a melting pack of snow.

Answer the below questions.

What are the lyrics of “The Song of the Four Seasons” singing about?
What kind of person is Toyohisa Araki?
What kind of person is the one named “Heine,” who appears in the third verse of “The Song of the Four Seasons”?
What kind of person is Dubois-san’s boyfriend?
Why does Dubois-san like the lyrics of the third line of “The Song of the Four Seasons”?

[p.129] 2-4

Choose one song that many people know, and research in detail as much as possible about the artist and lyrics. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

Task A: Let’s ask in detail about the song a classmate researched.

Task B: Refer to Dubois-san’s presentation from Exercise 2-3 and write about the song you chose and its lyrics.

Task C: Present the things you wrote in Task B.

[p.130] 3-1

Choose the words that apply to the blanks in 1~12 below from a~e.

a. to play (stringed instrument)
b. to play (wind instrument)
c. to play (drums); to hit (something)
d. (musical) performance
e. (acting) performance

___ the drum
___ the violin
___ the flute
___ the guitar
___ the trumpet
___ the taiko drum
___ the piano
___ the flute
___ the ukulele
___ the timpani
actor’s ___
orchestra ___

[pp.130-131] 3-2

Look for the incorrect expressions and fix them correctly.

A: Can you play any instruments?
B: Yes, I’ve been playing guitar since I was a child. And I can also play the ukulele a bit, too.
A: I’m currently learning to play the flute but I can’t make any sounds at all. Have you ever played?
B: No, I can play if it’s a Japanese flute, but a (Western) flute, I suppose not.
A: You’re practicing today, too? Aren’t there days when you don’t play the piano?
B: Yes, my teacher said that I must play every day if I want to become a professional.
A: The way that person plays the drums is cool, isn’t it?
B: That’s right. I heard they’re a very famous drummer. I want to be able to play cool like that person, too.
A: I heard you played (lit., learned) violin as a child but is that true?
B: Yes. But my parents made me practice every day and also on days when I didn’t want to play, so I regrettably began to dislike it.
A: I’ll be headed to listen to the university orchestra performance now, do you want to go together?
B: Ah, I’ll go! It’s because my friend is playing the timpani in that orchestra.

[pp.131-133] 3-3

Dubois-san and Brown-san presented experiences related to music in class. Read the presentation and answer the questions.

Dubois-san [Takarazuka Revue]
I recently went to Takarazuka to see the opera. Takarazuka is the name of a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, and there lies the theatrical troupe called “Takarazuka Revue.” This theatrical troupe is so famous to the extent that there isn’t a person in Japan who doesn’t know them, and they’re known for tickets being quite difficult to get. I happened to be able to get a ticket, so I was truly lucky.
Takarazuka’s opera is a rare play, with performers that are all women. Women perform the male roles, too. But, the people performing as men were amazing, so if you didn’t know that there were only women in the theatrical troupe, I think you wouldn’t be able to tell at all. I like watching musicals and I’ve seen a variety of plays, but I think Takarazuka’s women-only opera is truly unique. The actors performances, songs, dances, as well as the orchestra’s live performance came together and everything was amazing & inspiring.
Actually, I’ve been in an amateur theater troupe before when I was a child. I wasn’t good at it and when I stood on stage, I was nervous every time, but performing on a stage was a very fun experience. After seeing Takarazuka’s opera, I came to think, “I want to try this kind of experience again.” When I return to France, I’m thinking of searching for whether or not there is a kind of theater troupe that I can enter near my home.

Brown-san [Tsugaru Shamisen]
Last year in summer, I went to Aomori Prefecture together with my Japanese friends. There is a person who’s from Aomori Prefecture amongst my university friends, so we had that friend let us stay at their parents’ house. As for my friend’s parents’ house, it’s spacious, had a lot of rooms, and was a house like a ryokan. My friend’s parents were very kind and showed us around Aomori’s various places.
During the trip, I saw many interesting things but the one that left the most of an impression is the Tsugaru Shamisen performance I watched at a Japanese-style izakaya. “Tsugara” is a name that refers to the West part of Aomori. A “shamisen” is a guitar-like Japanese instrument, but contrary to a guitar, the shamisen only has three strings. In this izakaya, two women wearing kimonos played Tsugaru Shamisen in the middle of the restaurant for us. As for Tsugaru Shamisen songs, the tempo is fast-paced, the melody is intricate, and the performance I heard in front of me (lit., in front of my eyes) was very impactful. Also, between songs, the two performers did things like answer questions from the audience and tell us deeply interesting stories about Tsugaru and the shamisen, among other things. The performance was spectacular and the stories were also interesting, so we, along with the other audience members, were pleased as could be.
I play guitar as a hobby, so I think I’d like to try learning to play the shamisen someday, too. Tsugaru Shamisen are expensive, so I still can’t buy one now, but I plan on buying one with my first paycheck when I find work in the future. I want to practice seriously and become able to perform with an impact like the women performing at the Tsugaru izakaya.

(in picture, top to bottom: strings, shamisen)

A: Choose the words that apply to the parenthese in 1~5 below from a~f.

a. to perform (in a play); play a role
b. to perform (musically)
c. drama performance
d. actors; performers
e. theater troupe
f. opera

The famous ( ) called Takarazuka Revue is in Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture.
As for the ( ) of Takarazuka Revue, everyone is a woman, and women ( ) in men’s roles as well.
The music of the ( ) that Dubois-san saw was a live orchestra ( ).
Dubois-san was previously in an amateur ( ), and thought ( ) was fun.
Brown-san said the Tsugaru Shamisen ( ) that he saw at an izakaya during his Aomori trip was the most impressive.

B: Answer the below questions about Dubois-san’s presentation.

What was it that Dubois-san thought was lucky? Why did she think that?
As for the Takarazuka opera, what kind of point did Dubois-san think is unique?
After Dubois-san saw the Takarazuka opera, what did she begin thinking about wanting to do again?

C: Write a circle for the true sentences and an “x” for the untrue sentences.

( ) Brown-san stayed at a spacious ryokan in Aomori.
( ) Brown-san went to various places with his friend’s parents while in Aomori.
( ) The instrument called a “shamisen” resembles a guitar, but has fewer strings.
( ) Other audience members played the Tsugaru Shamisen for Brown-san and the others at the izakaya that he went to.
( ) The shamisen performance that Brown-san and the others heard in front of them had an impact.
( ) Brown-san would like to buy a shamisen before graduating and practice so that he is able to perform skillfully like the women that he saw at the Tsugaru izakaya.

[pp.133-134] 3-4

Choose one thing that has left an impression on you amongst things such as musical performances or stage performances that you’ve seen or done, and complete the below table. After that, let’s do Tasks A~C.

place where you saw/did the musical or stage performance
roughly how many people and what kind of musical or stage performance was it
what kind of feeling did you get when you saw/did it
what kinds of points you thought you were good/not so good

Task A: Let’s ask in detail about musical and stage performances that classmates chose while looking at the table on the previous page.

Model Conversation
A: Is there musical or stage performance that’s left an impression on you?
B: Yes, I recently went to see my friend’s band perform for the first time, and my usually quiet friend was singing with an amazing voice.
A: An amazing voice? What kind of band was it?
B: It was a punk rock band. My friend was singing while playing the guitar, but it was totally different from usual, and their performance was skilled like a professional, so it was very impressive.

Task B: Refer to the presentation from Exercise 3-3 and let’s write an essay about musical and stage performances that have left an impression on you. Explain in as much detail as possible.

Task C: Present the things you wrote in Task B.