In Lessons 2 and 4, you learned how to make verb-predicate sentences using various particles. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate verbs correctly so that you can use those sentences in conversation. Upon completing this lesson, you will have finished the entire Grammar Point 2 in the textbook (pp.57-64).

When to start this lesson

Using the slides below, listen to the example sentences from Lesson 4 again. You are ready to start this lesson if you can translate most of the sentences without looking at the English translations.

Lesson Goals

• Understanding the difference between casual speech and polite speech
• Understanding the three verb groups: ru-verbs, u-verbs, irregular verbs
• Learning the conjugations of verb long forms: affirmative and negative forms, non-past and past forms
• Learning various time expressions

What you will be able to do

By completing this lesson, you will be able to do the following things:

• You can make polite sentences that are appropriate for formal situations.
• You can describe future actions and events.
• You can describe habitual actions and events.
• You can describe past actions and events.
• You can make affirmative and negative sentences.

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Activities

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L5 Activity 1 – Learn & Understand (1)

Understand the difference between casual speech and polite speech.

1. Watch the video below bearing the following question below in mind.
   • Why cannot I use the sentences I have learned in the previous lessons when speaking to my teacher?
2. Read “[1] Controlling Levels of Politeness and Formality” of “GP2-1. Short Forms vs. Long Forms” in the textbook (p.57 in the main volume) to deepen your understanding.

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L5 Activity 2 – Learn & Understand (2)

Understand the three verb groups.
Read “Step 1: Check the verb group.” of “GP2-2. Changing Verbs into Their Long Forms” in the textbook (pp.58-59 in the main volume). Be sure to check the pronunciations of the example words in the table on p.59 using the audio files below.

・Ru-verbs

・U-verbs

・Irregular verbs

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L5 Activity 3 – Practice (1)

Using the first video in “Video Practice 6-1” below, practice how to check the verb group of each verb.

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L5 Activity 4 – Learn & Understand (3)

Learn the conjugations from long forms to short forms.

1. Read “Step 2: Follow the long form formation rules for the appropriate group” on p.59 in the main volume. Be sure to check the pronunciations of the example words in the table using the audio files below.
   ・Ru-verbs
   ・U-verbs
   ・Irregular Verbs

2. Complete “Comprehension Check GP2-1” on p.60 and check your understanding. You can confirm your answers on the answer key below:
   Answer Key

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L5 Activity 5 – Practice (2)

Using the remaining three videos in “Video Practice 6-1” below, practice the conjugation from short forms to long forms.

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L5 Activity 6 – Practice (3)

Using the audio files below, practice the long form conjugations. Right after a verb is provided in the short form, conjugate it into its long form. Then, listen to the long form and repeat it again.  

・Ru-verbs

・U-verbs

・Irregular verbs

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L5 Activity 7 – Learn & Understand (4)

Learn negative and past forms.

1. Bearing the two questions below in mind, read “[1] Conjugation Rules” in “GP2-2. Verb Long Form Conjugations” on p.61 in the main volume. Be sure to check the pronunciations of the sentences in the table using the example sentence slides below.
   • How can I change an affirmative sentence to a negative sentence?
   • How can I make past tense sentences?
2. Bearing the question below in mind, read “[2] The Meaning of the Non-Past Forms of Verbs” in “GP2-2. Verb Long Form Conjugations” on pp.61-62 in the main volume. Be sure to check the word definitions and pronunciations of the sentences using the example sentence slides below. This set of slides also contains additional example sentences that are not included in the textbook. Be sure to pay attention to these examples as well.
   • What verb form do I use to describe a future action or event?

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L5 Activity 8 – Learn & Understand (5)

Study various time expressions.

1. Read “[3] Time Expressions and the Particle に” on pp.62-63 in the main volume. Be sure to check the pronunciations of the example words in the table using the audio files below.
2. Complete “Comprehension Check GP2-2” on p.64 and check your understanding. You can confirm your answers on the answer key below:
   Answer Key

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L5 Activity 9 – Practice (4)

Using the two videos in “Video Practice 6-2” below, practice making sentences with their verbs in the long forms.

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IMPORTANT!

In this lesson, too, you learned a lot of new verbs and time expressions. You don’t need to think that you must immediately memorize all vocabulary to start the next lesson. Vocabulary learning takes time. While proceeding with next lessons, continue the active recall practice in Anki. Space out your practice over days and try memorizing vocabulary without ineffectively cramming too many words at one time.